Lycotec Ltd., Cambridge CB21 6GP, UK.
Med Hypotheses. 2012 Dec;79(6):746-9. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.08.018. Epub 2012 Sep 13.
The low rates of cardiovascular mortality which have existed in France for decades despite high saturated fat consumption constitute an epidemiological phenomenon called the "French paradox". This phenomenon was originally attributed to consumption of red wine and its major constituent resveratrol. However, recent studies have revealed the limitations of this link outside France. These observations indicate that consumption of red wine alone cannot explain the paradox and perhaps some other constituents of the typical French diet could be responsible for reduced cardiovascular mortality. We hypothesize that cheese consumption, especially of molded varieties, may contribute to the occurrence of the "French paradox". This assumption is well supported by newly discovered facts revealing the positive effect of cheese ingestion on lipoprotein turnover and plasma lipid profile, haemorheological parameters and inflammatory status. Recent advances in cheese proteomics have allowed the identification and isolation of novel peptides capable of inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme which controls systemic blood pressure. A complex time-dependent enzymatic transformation of the cheese core controlled by probiota, temperature and humidity during the ripening process has been shown to result in the formation of substances reducing major pro-inflammatory markers and cytokines (C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha). Molded cheeses, including Roquefort, may be even more favorable to cardiovascular health due to the presence of secondary metabolites produced by Penicillium roqueforti and other fungi. Among them are andrastins A-D and roquefortine, whose ability to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis and bacterial growth may be a key mechanism in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
尽管法国的饱和脂肪摄入量很高，但几十年来心血管死亡率一直很低，这构成了一种被称为“法国悖论”的流行病学现象。这种现象最初归因于红葡萄酒及其主要成分白藜芦醇的消费。然而，最近的研究揭示了这种联系在法国以外的局限性。这些观察结果表明，仅仅消费红葡萄酒并不能解释这种悖论，也许典型法国饮食的某些其他成分可能与降低心血管死亡率有关。我们假设奶酪的消费，特别是模制奶酪的消费，可能有助于“法国悖论”的发生。这一假设得到了新发现的事实的很好支持，这些事实揭示了奶酪摄入对脂蛋白周转和血浆脂质谱、血液流变学参数和炎症状态的积极影响。奶酪蛋白质组学的最新进展使得能够鉴定和分离出能够抑制控制全身血压的血管紧张素转换酶的新型肽。在成熟过程中，益生菌、温度和湿度控制的奶酪核心的复杂时变酶转化已被证明会形成降低主要促炎标志物和细胞因子（C 反应蛋白、白细胞介素 6、肿瘤坏死因子-α）的物质。包括洛克福奶酪在内的模制奶酪可能对心血管健康更有利，因为青霉和其他真菌产生的次生代谢物。其中包括安达司汀 A-D 和罗奎福特菌素，它们抑制胆固醇生物合成和细菌生长的能力可能是预防心血管疾病的关键机制。
