Department of Pharmacology, Maliba Pharmacy College, Bardoli-Mhuva Road, Tarsadi, Bardoli, District-Surat, Gujarat 394350, India.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Oct 31;144(1):160-70. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.08.043. Epub 2012 Sep 5.
A well-known traditional herb Solanum xanthocarpum is widely used in India for the management of different ailments including urolithiasis. This study was designed to rationalize the use of Solanum xanthocarpum in kidney stone and to investigate its mechanism of action.
The saponin rich fraction prepared from fruits of Solanum xanthocarpum (SXS) was evaluated for antiurolithiatic activity by in vitro and in vivo studies. In ethylene glycol (EG, 0.75% in drinking water for 28 days) induced urolithiasis model, two different experimental doses (20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, p.o., for 28 days) of saponin rich fraction were selected by dose fixation study. After 28 days, various biochemical parameters were measured in urine, serum and kidney homogenate. Kidneys were also subjected to histopathological analysis.
In vitro calcium oxalate crystal (CaOx) nucleation as well as aggregation was inhibited in artificial urine solution by SXS. The lithogenic treatment caused polyuria, damage renal function and oxidative stress, manifested as increased malondialdehyde, depleted reduced glutathione and decreased antioxidant enzyme catalase activities of the kidneys, which were prevented by simultaneous administration with SXS. Lithogenic treatment also caused crystalluria, hyperoxaluria, hypercalciuria, hypocitrauria, and hypomagnesaemia. Deposition of CaOx in renal tissue and cellular injury were seen in histopathology. Co-administration of SXS had potential to prevent these pathological changes due to lithogenic treatment. Moreover, SXS raised level of glycosaminoglycan, a stone inhibitor macromolecule found in urine which decreased.
The antiurolithiatic activity in Solanum xanthocarpum is mediated possibly through the inhibition of CaOx crystal formation and its effect on the urinary concentration of stone-forming constituents and nephrolithiasis inducing factors and this study rationalizes its medicinal use in urolithiasis.
一种广为人知的传统草药酸浆（Solanum xanthocarpum）在印度被广泛用于治疗多种疾病，包括尿石症。本研究旨在合理化酸浆在肾结石治疗中的应用，并研究其作用机制。
从酸浆果实中制备的皂苷丰富部分（SXS），通过体外和体内研究评估其抗尿石活性。在乙二醇（EG，0.75%饮用水，28 天）诱导的尿石症模型中，通过剂量固定研究选择了两种不同的实验剂量（20mg/kg 和 40mg/kg，po，28 天）的皂苷丰富部分。28 天后，测量尿液、血清和肾匀浆中的各种生化参数。肾脏也进行了组织病理学分析。
SXS 在人工尿液溶液中抑制了草酸钙晶体（CaOx）的成核和聚集。结石形成治疗导致多尿、肾功能损害和氧化应激，表现为肾脏中丙二醛增加、还原型谷胱甘肽减少和抗氧化酶过氧化氢酶活性降低，这些变化可通过同时给予 SXS 来预防。结石形成治疗还导致结晶尿、高草酸尿、高钙尿、低柠檬酸尿和低镁血症。在组织病理学中观察到肾组织中 CaOx 的沉积和细胞损伤。SXS 的共同给药有可能预防由于结石形成治疗引起的这些病理变化。此外，SXS 提高了尿中结石抑制剂大分子糖胺聚糖的水平，而该物质的水平降低。
酸浆的抗尿石活性可能是通过抑制 CaOx 晶体形成及其对尿液中结石形成成分和肾结石诱导因素的浓缩作用介导的，本研究合理化了其在尿石症中的药用价值。
