Antiurolithiatic activity of Boldoa purpurascens aqueous extract: An in vitro and in vivo study.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

Boldoa purpurascens Cav. (Nyctaginaceae) is a plant species used in traditional medicine in Cuba as antiurolithiatic.

AIM OF THE STUDY

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antiurolothiatic activity of an aqueous extract from the leaves of Boldoa purpurascens.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The aqueous extract from leaves of Boldoa purpurascens was evaluated for antiurolithiatic activity in vitro and in vivo. In vitro crystallization of calcium oxalate (CaOx) was assessed using a nucleation, aggregation and growth assay. The effects of the extract and of Cystone®, used as a positive control, on the slope of nucleation and aggregation, as well as on the growth of CaOx crystals, were evaluated spectrophotometrically. The densities of the formed crystals were compared microscopically. In vivo activity was evaluated in an urolithiasis model in rats, in which kidney stones are induced by ethylene glycol (0.75%) and ammonium chloride (2%) in drinking water for 10 days. Three different experimental doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) of the extract and Cystone® were administered for 10 days. After 10 days, various biochemical parameters were measured in urine and serum, and histopathological analysis of the kidneys was carried out.

RESULTS

The aqueous extract of Boldoa purpurascens inhibited the slope of nucleation and aggregation of CaOx crystallization, and decreased the crystal density. It also inhibited the growth and caused the dissolution of CaOx crystals. Cystone® exhibited similar effects. At a dose of 400 mg/kg the extract reduced the concentration of uric acid in urine, as well as the serum concentration of uric acid and creatinine. Histopathologic analysis of the kidneys of the same treatment group revealed reduced tissue damage; the results were almost similar to the untreated healthy control group.

CONCLUSION

This study indicates that an aqueous leaf extract of Boldoa purpurascens may be effective in the prevention of urinary stone formation, and substantiates the traditional claim.