Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment, Feldkirch, Austria.
Vascul Pharmacol. 2013 Jan;58(1-2):3-20. doi: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.09.002. Epub 2012 Sep 12.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an inflammatory disease and the mechanisms that underlie this disease, although still incompletely understood, take place in the adipose tissue of obese subjects. Concurrently, the prevalence of obesity caused by Western diet's excessive energy intake and the lack of exercise escalates, and is believed to be causative for the chronic inflammatory state in adipose tissue. Overnutrition itself as an overload of energy may induce the adipocytes to secrete chemokines activating and attracting immune cells to adipose tissue. But also inflammation-mediating food ingredients like saturated fatty acids are believed to directly initiate the inflammatory cascade. In addition, hypoxia in adipose tissue as a direct consequence of obesity, and its effect on gene expression in adipocytes and surrounding cells in fat tissue of obese subjects appears to play a central role in this inflammatory response too. In contrast, revisiting diet all over the world, there are also some natural food products and beverages which are associated with curative effects on human health. Several natural compounds known as spices such as curcumin, capsaicin, and gingerol, or secondary plant metabolites catechin, resveratrol, genistein, and quercetin have been reported to provide an improved health status to their consumers, especially with regard to diabetes, and therefore have been investigated for their anti-inflammatory effect. In this review, we will give an overview about these phytochemicals and their role to interfere with inflammatory cascades in adipose tissue and their potential for fighting against inflammatory diseases like diabetes as investigated in vivo.
2 型糖尿病是一种炎症性疾病，虽然其发病机制仍不完全清楚，但发生在肥胖人群的脂肪组织中。与此同时，由于西方饮食中过量的能量摄入和缺乏运动导致肥胖的患病率上升，被认为是导致脂肪组织慢性炎症状态的原因。营养过剩本身作为能量的过载，可能会诱导脂肪细胞分泌趋化因子，激活并吸引免疫细胞进入脂肪组织。此外，被认为直接引发炎症级联反应的还有炎症介质食物成分，如饱和脂肪酸。此外，肥胖直接导致的脂肪组织缺氧，及其对肥胖患者脂肪组织中脂肪细胞和周围细胞基因表达的影响，似乎在这种炎症反应中也起着核心作用。相比之下，纵观世界各地的饮食，也有一些天然食品和饮料与对人类健康的治疗效果有关。一些被称为香料的天然化合物，如姜黄素、辣椒素和姜辣素，或次级植物代谢物儿茶素、白藜芦醇、染料木黄酮和槲皮素，已被报道为消费者提供更好的健康状态，特别是在糖尿病方面，因此其抗炎作用已被研究。在这篇综述中，我们将概述这些植物化学物质及其在干扰脂肪组织中炎症级联反应的作用，以及它们作为对抗炎症性疾病（如糖尿病）的潜在作用，这些作用已在体内进行了研究。
