Sharda Deepinder, Attri Komal, Choudhury Diptiman
School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India.
Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology-Virginia Tech (USA) Centre of Excellence in Emerging Materials, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India.
Discov Nano. 2024 Aug 13;19(1):127. doi: 10.1186/s11671-024-04061-1.
Wound healing involves a carefully regulated sequence of events, encompassing pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory stages, tissue regeneration, and remodeling. However, in individuals with diabetes, this process gets disrupted due to dysregulation caused by elevated glucose levels and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the bloodstream. Consequently, the pro-inflammatory stage is prolonged, while the anti-inflammatory phase is delayed, leading to impaired tissue regeneration and remodeling with extended healing time. Furthermore, the increased glucose levels in open wounds create an environment conducive to microbial growth and tissue sepsis, which can escalate to the point of limb amputation. Managing diabetic wounds requires meticulous care and monitoring due to the lack of widely available preventative and therapeutic measures. Existing clinical interventions have limitations, such as slow recovery rates, high costs, and inefficient drug delivery methods. Therefore, exploring alternative avenues to develop effective wound-healing treatments is essential. Nature offers a vast array of resources in the form of secondary metabolites, notably polyphenols, known for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, glucose-regulating, and cell growth-promoting properties. Additionally, nanoparticles synthesized through environmentally friendly methods hold promise for wound healing applications in diabetic and non-diabetic conditions. This review provides a comprehensive discussion and summary of the potential wound-healing abilities of specific natural polyphenols and their nanoparticles. It explores the mechanisms of action underlying their efficacy and presents effective formulations for promoting wound-healing activity.
伤口愈合涉及一系列精心调控的事件，包括促炎和抗炎阶段、组织再生以及重塑。然而，在糖尿病患者中，由于血液中葡萄糖水平升高和促炎细胞因子导致的调节异常，这一过程会受到干扰。因此，促炎阶段延长，而抗炎阶段延迟，导致组织再生和重塑受损，愈合时间延长。此外，开放性伤口中升高的葡萄糖水平营造了有利于微生物生长和组织败血症的环境，这可能升级到肢体截肢的程度。由于缺乏广泛可用的预防和治疗措施，处理糖尿病伤口需要精心护理和监测。现有的临床干预措施存在局限性，如恢复速度慢、成本高和药物递送方法效率低。因此，探索开发有效伤口愈合治疗方法的替代途径至关重要。自然界以次生代谢产物的形式提供了大量资源，特别是多酚，它们以其抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化、调节血糖和促进细胞生长的特性而闻名。此外，通过环境友好方法合成的纳米颗粒在糖尿病和非糖尿病情况下的伤口愈合应用中具有前景。本综述对特定天然多酚及其纳米颗粒的潜在伤口愈合能力进行了全面的讨论和总结。它探讨了其疗效背后的作用机制，并提出了促进伤口愈合活性的有效配方。
