Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, 572 Research Drive, Box 91050, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Front Neuroendocrinol. 2012 Aug;33(3):267-86. doi: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2012.08.006. Epub 2012 Sep 9.
The brain, endocrine, and immune systems are inextricably linked. Immune molecules have a powerful impact on neuroendocrine function, including hormone-behavior interactions, during health as well as sickness. Similarly, alterations in hormones, such as during stress, can powerfully impact immune function or reactivity. These functional shifts are evolved, adaptive responses that organize changes in behavior and mobilize immune resources, but can also lead to pathology or exacerbate disease if prolonged or exaggerated. The developing brain in particular is exquisitely sensitive to both endogenous and exogenous signals, and increasing evidence suggests the immune system has a critical role in brain development and associated behavioral outcomes for the life of the individual. Indeed, there are associations between many neuropsychiatric disorders and immune dysfunction, with a distinct etiology in neurodevelopment. The goal of this review is to describe the important role of the immune system during brain development, and to discuss some of the many ways in which immune activation during early brain development can affect the later-life outcomes of neural function, immune function, mood and cognition.
大脑、内分泌和免疫系统紧密相连。免疫分子对神经内分泌功能有强大的影响，包括健康和疾病期间的激素-行为相互作用。同样，激素的改变，如在压力期间，也可以强烈影响免疫功能或反应性。这些功能转变是进化的、适应性的反应，组织行为的变化并调动免疫资源，但如果持续或夸大，也可能导致病理或加重疾病。特别是发育中的大脑对外源和内源性信号非常敏感，越来越多的证据表明，免疫系统在大脑发育和个体生命的相关行为结果中起着关键作用。事实上，许多神经精神疾病与免疫功能障碍有关，而神经发育的病因则截然不同。本综述的目的是描述免疫系统在大脑发育过程中的重要作用，并讨论在早期大脑发育过程中免疫激活如何影响神经功能、免疫功能、情绪和认知的后期生活结果的许多方式。
