Psychology Department, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
Neuropsychology. 2012 Nov;26(6):713-22. doi: 10.1037/a0029964. Epub 2012 Sep 17.
To examine facial emotional processing in HIV+ individuals and its relation to neurocognitive performance, neuropsychiatric symptomatology and immune status.
Participants included 85 HIV+ individuals (83 males, 2 females) and 25 age-comparable HIV- individuals (22 males, 3 females). Participants underwent The University of Pennsylvania computerized neuropsychological facial emotion test battery, standardized neuropsychological testing, neurobehavioral questionnaires, a semistructured psychiatric interview, and an assessment of independence in activities of daily living.
Relative to HIV- controls, HIV+ individuals showed a mild difference for recognition of sadness (p = .02, d = 0.43), discrimination of happiness (p = .02, d = 0.52), and speed of recognition for fear (p = .04, d = 0.37). HIV+ individuals with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND; 20%) had abnormal emotional facial recognition (p = .04; d = .59), and slower recognition of negative facial expressions (p < .01; d = .63-.83), as well as poorer discrimination of happy facial expressions (p < .003, d = .83). Apathy, depression, reduced independence in activities of daily living, and HIV biomarkers were not associated with reduced facial emotion recognition in the HIV+ group.
Clinically stable HIV+ individuals show a mild level of emotional processing reduction that is dissociated from neuropsychiatric complaints. Individuals with HAND showed moderate to large emotional processing abnormalities, particularly for the timely recognition of negative expressions (fear, sadness, and anger). These findings warrant a more comprehensive and dynamic evaluation of emotional processing in HIV infection and an investigation of the integrity of the fronto-basal-amygdala circuits.
研究 HIV 阳性个体的面部情绪处理及其与神经认知表现、神经精神症状和免疫状态的关系。
参与者包括 85 名 HIV 阳性个体（83 名男性，2 名女性）和 25 名年龄匹配的 HIV 阴性个体（22 名男性，3 名女性）。参与者接受了宾夕法尼亚大学计算机化神经心理学面部情绪测试组合、标准化神经心理学测试、神经行为问卷、半结构化精神病学访谈以及日常生活活动独立性评估。
与 HIV-对照组相比，HIV+个体在识别悲伤（p =.02，d = 0.43）、区分快乐（p =.02，d = 0.52）和识别恐惧的速度（p =.04，d = 0.37）方面存在轻微差异。患有与 HIV 相关的认知障碍（HAND；20%）的 HIV+个体存在异常的情绪面部识别（p =.04；d =.59），识别负面面部表情的速度较慢（p <.01；d =.63-.83），以及识别快乐面部表情的能力较差（p <.003，d =.83）。在 HIV+组中，淡漠、抑郁、日常生活活动独立性降低以及 HIV 生物标志物与面部情绪识别能力降低无关。
临床稳定的 HIV 阳性个体表现出轻度的情绪处理减少，与神经精神症状无关。HAND 个体表现出中度至重度的情绪处理异常，特别是对负面表情（恐惧、悲伤和愤怒）的及时识别异常。这些发现需要对 HIV 感染中的情绪处理进行更全面和动态的评估，并研究额眶基底杏仁核回路的完整性。
