Vance David E, Billings Rebecca, Lambert Crystal Chapman, Fazeli Pariya L, Goodin Burel R, Kempf Mirjam-Colette, Rubin Leah H, Turan Bulent, Wise Jenni, Hellemann Gerhard, Lee Junghee
School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
UAB Libraries, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Neuropsychol Rev. 2024 Jun 13. doi: 10.1007/s11065-024-09643-5.
Social cognition-the complex mental ability to perceive social stimuli and negotiate the social environment-has emerged as an important cognitive ability needed for social functioning, everyday functioning, and quality of life. Deficits in social cognition have been well documented in those with severe mental illness including schizophrenia and depression, those along the autism spectrum, and those with other brain disorders where such deficits profoundly impact everyday life. Moreover, subtle deficits in social cognition have been observed in other clinical populations, especially those that may have compromised non-social cognition (i.e., fluid intelligence such as memory). Among people living with HIV (PLHIV), 44% experience cognitive impairment; likewise, social cognitive deficits in theory of mind, prosody, empathy, and emotional face recognition/perception are gradually being recognized. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to summarize the current knowledge of social cognitive ability among PLHIV, identified by 14 studies focused on social cognition among PLHIV, and provides an objective consensus of the findings. In general, the literature suggests that PLHIV may be at-risk of developing subtle social cognitive deficits that may impact their everyday social functioning and quality of life. The causes of such social cognitive deficits remain unclear, but perhaps develop due to (1) HIV-related sequelae that are damaging the same neurological systems in which social cognition and non-social cognition are processed; (2) stress related to coping with HIV disease itself that overwhelms one's social cognitive resources; or (3) may have been present pre-morbidly, possibly contributing to an HIV infection. From this, a theoretical framework is proposed highlighting the relationships between social cognition, non-social cognition, and social everyday functioning.
社会认知——感知社会刺激并应对社会环境的复杂心理能力——已成为社会功能、日常功能和生活质量所需的一项重要认知能力。社会认知缺陷在患有严重精神疾病（包括精神分裂症和抑郁症）的人群、自闭症谱系人群以及患有其他脑部疾病的人群中已有充分记录，这些缺陷对日常生活有深远影响。此外，在其他临床人群中也观察到了社会认知的细微缺陷，尤其是那些非社会认知（即如记忆等流体智力）可能受损的人群。在感染艾滋病毒的人群（PLHIV）中，44%的人存在认知障碍；同样，心理理论、韵律、同理心以及情感面部识别/感知方面的社会认知缺陷也逐渐得到认识。本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在总结PLHIV社会认知能力的现有知识，这是由14项关注PLHIV社会认知的研究确定的，并对研究结果提供客观的共识。总体而言，文献表明PLHIV可能有发展出细微社会认知缺陷的风险，这些缺陷可能会影响他们的日常社会功能和生活质量。此类社会认知缺陷的原因尚不清楚，但可能是由于（1）与艾滋病毒相关的后遗症正在损害处理社会认知和非社会认知的相同神经系统；（2）应对艾滋病毒疾病本身所带来的压力耗尽了个人的社会认知资源；或者（3）可能在病前就已存在，可能促成了艾滋病毒感染。由此，提出了一个理论框架，突出了社会认知、非社会认知和社会日常功能之间的关系。
