Department of Psychology, NortheasternUniversity, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Emotion. 2012 Dec;12(6):1196-9. doi: 10.1037/a0029788. Epub 2012 Sep 17.
The emotion anger is typically associated with increased risk taking. However, anger also produces increased probability estimates that emotionally congruent negative events will occur. This latter finding suggests that the general assumption that anger always increases risky decision making may be subject to caveat. The context of a risk-taking opportunity may dictate whether anger leads to greater or lesser acceptance of risk as a function of which component of the emotional state (i.e., affective or conceptual) is salient. In the experiment reported, participants completed one of two versions of a risk-taking measure that differ according to whether they evoke decisions based on affective feelings or more deliberate reasoning. Results demonstrated that angry participants made riskier decisions than their neutral counterparts under conditions less susceptible to the use of affective information, but made less risky decisions under conditions that favored the use of affective information. The importance of studying emotional states as multifaceted and contextualized phenomenon is discussed.
愤怒通常与增加冒险行为有关。然而，愤怒也会增加情绪一致的负面事件发生的可能性估计。这一发现表明，愤怒总是会增加冒险决策的一般假设可能需要注意。冒险机会的背景可能会决定愤怒是导致更大还是更小的风险接受程度，这取决于情绪状态的哪个组成部分（即情感或概念）更为突出。在报告的实验中，参与者完成了两种风险决策测量的其中一种，这两种测量方法的区别在于它们是基于情感感受还是更慎重的推理来做出决策。结果表明，在不太容易使用情感信息的情况下，愤怒的参与者比他们的中性对照组做出了更冒险的决策，但在有利于使用情感信息的情况下，他们做出了风险较小的决策。讨论了将情绪状态作为多方面和情境化现象进行研究的重要性。
