College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea.
J Med Food. 2012 Oct;15(10):879-86. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2012.2162. Epub 2012 Sep 17.
Atherosclerosis is a chronic and progressive inflammatory disease. Novel anti-inflammatory therapies may have promise as treatment strategies for cardiovascular risk reduction. Rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis L.) has been used in folk medicine to treat headaches, epilepsy, poor circulation, and many other ailments. It was found that rosemary could act as a stimulant and mild analgesic and could reduce inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory and antiatherosclerotic effects of rosemary need more study. This study investigated effects of the rosemary components, carnosic acid (CA), and carnosol (CAR), on cell migration. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were determined by Western blot and gelatin zymography, respectively, in RAW 264.7 macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). VSMC migration was assessed by a Matrigel migration assay. Active compounds of rosemary extracts were also analyzed using a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. MMP-9 and MCP-1 activities were markedly diminished with methanol extract (RM), n-hexane fraction (RH), and CA in RAW 264.7 cells. RM, RH, CA, and CAR suppressed tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced VSMC migration by inhibiting MMP-9 expression. Chromatograms of RM- and RH-containing CA and CAR revealed higher CA contents of RM (9.4%, 93.85 μg/mg dry wt.) and, especially, RH (18.4%, 184.00 μg/mg dry wt.), which were appreciably elevated compared with the similar CAR content in RM and RH (3.7%, 37.30 μg/mg dry wt.; and 2.5%, 25.05 μg/mg dry wt., respectively). Rosemary, especially its CA component, has potential antiatherosclerosis effects related to cell migration.
动脉粥样硬化是一种慢性进行性炎症性疾病。新型抗炎疗法可能有望成为降低心血管风险的治疗策略。迷迭香（Rosemarinus officinalis L.）在民间医学中被用于治疗头痛、癫痫、血液循环不良和许多其他疾病。研究发现迷迭香可以作为一种兴奋剂和温和的镇痛药，并具有抗炎作用。然而，迷迭香的抗炎和抗动脉粥样硬化作用的机制需要进一步研究。本研究探讨了迷迭香成分鼠尾草酸（CA）和迷迭香醇（CAR）对细胞迁移的影响。通过 Western blot 和明胶酶谱法分别测定 RAW 264.7 巨噬细胞和血管平滑肌细胞（VSMCs）中的单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）和基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）。通过 Matrigel 迁移试验评估 VSMC 迁移。还使用反相高效液相色谱法分析迷迭香提取物的活性化合物。迷迭香甲醇提取物（RM）、正己烷部分（RH）和 CA 显著降低 RAW 264.7 细胞中 MMP-9 和 MCP-1 的活性。RM、RH、CA 和 CAR 通过抑制肿瘤坏死因子-α诱导的 VSMC 迁移来抑制 MMP-9 的表达。RM 和 RH 中含有 CA 和 CAR 的色谱图显示 RM（9.4%，93.85μg/mg 干重）和 RH（18.4%，184.00μg/mg 干重）中的 CA 含量较高，与 RM 和 RH 中的类似 CAR 含量相比明显升高（3.7%，37.30μg/mg 干重；和 2.5%，25.05μg/mg 干重）。迷迭香，尤其是其 CA 成分，具有与细胞迁移相关的潜在抗动脉粥样硬化作用。
