Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
Chemosphere. 2013 Jan;90(1):118-24. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.08.016. Epub 2012 Sep 15.
The levels of PBDEs, alternate BFRs and dechloranes in European Eel (Anguilla anguilla) samples (elvers, yellow and silver eels) were investigated to compare the contamination of eels from the rivers Elbe and Rhine and to estimate the BFR contamination throughout the eel's life cycle. PBDEs were the dominating flame retardants (FRs) in muscle tissues of yellow and silver eels, while the alternate BFR 2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE) and the Dechlorane 602 were the dominating FRs in elvers (juvenile eels). Concentrations of FRs in silver eels from river Rhine were generally higher than concentrations in other eels analysed with up to 46 ng g(-1) wet weight (ww) ∑PBDEs. The concentrations in yellow and silver eels from river Elbe were similar with an average of 9.0±5.1 ng g(-1)ww and 8.1±3.7 ng g(-1)ww respectively. PBDE concentrations in elvers were comparably low (0.02 (BDE-100) to 0.1 (BDE-183) ng g(-1)ww), which lead to the conclusion that these contaminants were mostly ingested within the rivers. Among the alternate BFRs and dechloranes, DPTE as well as the Dechlorane 602 and Dechlorane Plus (DP) were found in all life cycle stages and rivers with concentrations between 0.01 ng g(-1)ww and 0.7 ng g(-1)ww. Dechlorane 603 could only be detected in silver eels from river Rhine. Pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB) was only found in yellow and silver eels and bis(2-ethylhexyl)tetrabromophthalate (BEHTBP) could only be detected in elvers. These are the first reports of Dec-602 and 603 in aquatic organisms from Europe. The results of this study show the lasting relevance of PBDEs as contaminants in rivers and river-dwelling species but also the growing relevance of emerging contaminants such as alternate BFRs and dechloranes.
本研究调查了欧洲鳗鱼（安古鲁鳗鱼）（鳗苗、黄鳗和银鳗）样本中多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）、替代型溴化阻燃剂（BFRs）和六氯环戊二烯（dechloranes）的含量，以比较来自易北河和莱茵河的鳗鱼的污染情况，并估计鳗鱼整个生命周期中的 BFR 污染情况。在黄鳗和银鳗的肌肉组织中，PBDEs 是主要的阻燃剂（FRs），而替代型 BFR 2,3-二溴丙基-2,4,6-三溴苯基醚（DPTE）和六氯环戊二烯 602 是鳗苗（幼鳗）中的主要 FRs。来自莱茵河的银鳗体内 FRs 的浓度通常高于其他鳗鱼的分析浓度，最高可达 46ng/g 湿重（ww）∑PBDEs。易北河的黄鳗和银鳗的浓度相似，平均值分别为 9.0±5.1ng/g ww 和 8.1±3.7ng/g ww。鳗苗中的 PBDE 浓度相对较低（0.02（BDE-100）至 0.1（BDE-183）ng/g ww），这表明这些污染物主要是在河流中摄入的。在替代型 BFRs 和 dechloranes 中，DPTE 以及六氯环戊二烯 602 和六氯环戊二烯加合物（DP）均在所有生命阶段和河流中被发现，浓度在 0.01ng/g ww 至 0.7ng/g ww 之间。只有莱茵河的银鳗中才能检测到六氯环戊二烯 603。五溴乙基苯（PBEB）仅在黄鳗和银鳗中发现，双（2-乙基己基）四溴邻苯二甲酸酯（BEHTBP）仅在鳗苗中检测到。这是欧洲水生生物中首次报道 Dec-602 和 603。本研究结果表明，PBDEs 作为河流和河流栖息物种中的污染物仍然具有重要意义，但替代型 BFRs 和 dechloranes 等新兴污染物的重要性也在不断增加。
