National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, GA, USA.
Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012 Oct;27(5):401-8. doi: 10.1017/S1049023X12001100. Epub 2012 Aug 21.
Previous oil spills and disasters from other human-made events have shown that mental health effects to the affected population are widespread and can be significant.
HYPOTHESIS/PROBLEM: There has been concern regarding the likelihood that existing public health surveillance was not capturing the mental health effects to the population affected by the Gulf Coast oil spill. The objectives of this study were to assess the mental health needs of coastal communities in the states of Alabama and Mississippi following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.
A cluster sampling methodology was used to assess the mental health status of coastal residents in three counties in Alabama four months following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and in the Gulf Coast counties in Mississippi 5.5 months after the oil spill.
A total of 469 residents of the selected areas were interviewed. Between 15.4 and 24.5% of the respondents reported depressive symptoms, with 21.4-31.5% reporting symptoms consistent with an anxiety disorder, and 16.3-22.8% reporting ≥14 mentally unhealthy days within the past 30 days. Overall, there were more negative quality of life indicators and negative social context outcomes than in the state's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. Between 32.1% and 35.7% of all households reported decreased income since the oil spill, and 35.5-38.2% of all households reported having been exposed to oil.
The proportion of respondents reporting negative mental health parameters in the affected Alabama and Mississippi coastal communities is higher than the proportion reported in the 2008 and 2009 BRFSS state reports, suggesting that the public health response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill should focus on mental health services in these communities.
以往的石油泄漏和其他人为灾难事件表明，受影响人群的心理健康影响广泛且可能严重。
假设/问题：人们一直担心现有的公共卫生监测系统可能无法捕捉到受墨西哥湾沿岸石油泄漏影响的人群的心理健康影响。本研究的目的是评估深海地平线石油泄漏事件后阿拉巴马州和密西西比州沿海社区的心理健康需求。
采用聚类抽样方法，在 2010 年深海地平线石油泄漏事件发生四个月后，评估阿拉巴马州三个县沿海居民的心理健康状况，并在石油泄漏后五个半月评估密西西比州墨西哥湾沿岸县的心理健康状况。
共对选定地区的 469 名居民进行了访谈。15.4%至 24.5%的受访者报告有抑郁症状，21.4%至 31.5%的受访者报告有焦虑症症状，16.3%至 22.8%的受访者报告在过去 30 天内有≥14 天的心理健康不佳。总体而言，负面生活质量指标和负面社会环境结果比该州行为风险因素监测系统（BRFSS）调查更多。32.1%至 35.7%的家庭报告自石油泄漏以来收入减少，35.5%至 38.2%的家庭报告接触过石油。
报告负面心理健康参数的受影响阿拉巴马州和密西西比州沿海社区的受访者比例高于 2008 年和 2009 年 BRFSS 州报告的比例，这表明深海地平线石油泄漏的公共卫生应对措施应重点关注这些社区的心理健康服务。
