National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, GA 30341, USA.
Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012 Dec;27(6):496-502. doi: 10.1017/S1049023X12001380. Epub 2012 Sep 25.
On April 20, 2010, the Deepwater Horizon drilling unit exploded off the coast of Louisiana, resulting in 11 deaths and the largest marine petroleum release in history. Previous oil spill disasters have been associated with negative mental health outcomes in affected communities. In response to requests from Mississippi and Alabama, potential mental health issues resulting from this event were identified by implementing a novel use of a Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) in the months immediately following the Gulf Coast oil spill.
This assessment was repeated one year later to determine long-term mental health needs and changes.
A two-stage sampling method was used to select households, and a questionnaire including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) questions was administered. Weighted cluster analysis was conducted, and BRFSS questions were compared to the most recent BRFSS reports and the 2010 results.
In 2011, 8.8%-15.1% of individuals reported depressive symptoms compared to 15.4%-24.5% of individuals in 2010, with 13.2%-20.3% reporting symptoms consistent with an anxiety disorder compared to 21.4%-31.5% of individuals in 2010. Respondents reporting decreased income following the oil spill were more likely to report mental health symptoms compared to respondents reporting no change in income.
Overall, mental health symptoms were higher in the three assessment areas compared to BRFSS reports, but lower than 2010 surveys. These results suggest that mental health services are still needed, particularly in households experiencing decreased income since the oil spill.
2010 年 4 月 20 日，路易斯安那州沿海的深水地平线钻井平台发生爆炸，造成 11 人死亡，这是历史上最大的海洋石油泄漏事件。以往的石油泄漏灾难与受影响社区的负面心理健康结果有关。应密西西比州和阿拉巴马州的要求，通过在墨西哥湾石油泄漏事件发生后的几个月内对公共卫生应急反应社区评估（CASPER）进行新的应用，确定了由此事件可能产生的潜在心理健康问题。
此次评估在一年后再次进行，以确定长期心理健康需求和变化。
采用两阶段抽样方法选择家庭，并采用包括疾病控制和预防中心行为风险因素监测系统（BRFSS）问题的问卷进行调查。进行加权聚类分析，并将 BRFSS 问题与最近的 BRFSS 报告和 2010 年的结果进行比较。
2011 年，有 8.8%-15.1%的个体报告出现抑郁症状，而 2010 年为 15.4%-24.5%，有 13.2%-20.3%的个体报告出现焦虑症症状，而 2010 年为 21.4%-31.5%。与报告收入没有变化的个体相比，报告石油泄漏后收入减少的个体更有可能报告出现心理健康症状。
总体而言，三个评估区域的心理健康症状高于 BRFSS 报告，但低于 2010 年的调查结果。这些结果表明，特别是在石油泄漏后收入减少的家庭中，仍然需要心理健康服务。
