Brown R M, Ogram G L, Spencer F S
Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories, Ontario, Canada.
Health Phys. 1990 Feb;58(2):171-81. doi: 10.1097/00004032-199002000-00004.
The short-range environmental dispersion and oxidation of a release of tritiated hydrogen (HT) to the atmosphere has been studied in a field experiment. Emphasis was placed on the processes leading to the appearance of tritiated water (HTO) vapor in the atmosphere because HTO is much more radiotoxic than HT. The following conclusions were reached: No evidence was found for the rapid conversion of HT to HTO in the atmosphere; HTO observed in air, during and after the release, arose mainly from HT oxidation in the soil followed by emission of HTO; HT deposition velocities to soil ranged from 0.041 cm s-1 to 0.13 cm s-1, consistent with previous chamber measurements; the rate of HTO loss from soil, averaged over 21 d, was less than 1% h-1; and HTO concentrations in vegetation water initially increased with time after the release, then by 48 h decreased exponentially at a rate similar to soils.
在一项野外实验中，对向大气中释放的氚化氢（HT）的短程环境扩散和氧化进行了研究。重点关注导致大气中出现氚水（HTO）蒸气的过程，因为HTO的辐射毒性比HT大得多。得出以下结论：未发现大气中HT快速转化为HTO的证据；在释放期间和之后空气中观测到的HTO主要源于土壤中HT的氧化，随后HTO排放；HT向土壤的沉积速度范围为0.041厘米/秒至0.13厘米/秒，与先前的气室测量结果一致；在21天内平均计算，HTO从土壤中的损失率小于1%/小时；释放后植被水中的HTO浓度最初随时间增加，然后在48小时后以与土壤类似的速率呈指数下降。
