Dept. of Morphology & Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Belgium.
Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2013 Feb;24(1):1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.08.008. Epub 2012 Sep 15.
The injured central and peripheral nervous system (CNS and PNS) are difficult to regenerate due to the presence of growth inhibitory molecules which are upregulated around the lesion site. In addition, a strong inflammatory response triggering the production of so-called "pro"- and "anti-inflammatory" cytokines, adds to this dilemma. Both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are involved in the regulation of diverse signaling pathways. One of the main aims to induce regeneration is to promote axonal outgrowth and stimulate the formation of new connections. Anti-inflammatory cytokines as modulators of neurite plasticity and outgrowth are of pivotal importance in neuroregeneration with different effects reported. Here we summarize the most relevant information about IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, LIF and TGF-β focusing on their direct and indirect role in axonal outgrowth.
受伤的中枢和周围神经系统（CNS 和 PNS）由于损伤部位周围上调的生长抑制分子的存在而难以再生。此外，强烈的炎症反应会触发所谓的“前”和“抗炎”细胞因子的产生，这也加剧了这一困境。前炎细胞因子和抗炎细胞因子都参与了各种信号通路的调节。诱导再生的主要目的之一是促进轴突生长并刺激新连接的形成。抗炎细胞因子作为神经突可塑性和生长的调节剂，在神经再生中具有重要作用，其作用也不同。在这里，我们总结了关于 IL-4、IL-10、IL-13、LIF 和 TGF-β 的最相关信息，重点介绍了它们在轴突生长中的直接和间接作用。
