Glia Institute, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
Cephalalgia. 2012 Nov;32(15):1093-100. doi: 10.1177/0333102412454226. Epub 2012 Sep 17.
To investigate behavioral and emotional symptoms in a community-based sample of children as a function of headache status and of headache frequency.
Our sample consisted of 1,856 children (5-11 years). Primary headaches were assessed using a validated headache questionnaire. Emotional symptoms were assessed by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). CBCL scores were modeled as a function of headache status after adjustments for demographics and headache frequency.
Relative to controls, children with migraine were significantly more likely to have abnormalities in the following CBCL domains: somatic, anxiety-depressive, social, attention, internalizing and total score. Children with tension-type headache (TTH) were significantly different from controls in the same domains but at a lower rate than migraine. In children with migraine, impairments significantly varied as a function of headache frequency, race, and income. In children with TTH, gender, age, and headache frequency were significantly associated with abnormal scores.
Migraine and TTH are significantly associated with behavioral symptoms in several domains, and headache frequency affects the association. Internalizing symptoms are common in children with headaches, while externalizing symptoms (e.g. rule-breaking and aggressivity) are not significantly more common than in controls.
调查社区样本中儿童的行为和情绪症状与头痛状况和头痛频率的关系。
我们的样本包括 1856 名 5-11 岁儿童。主要头痛通过验证后的头痛问卷进行评估。情绪症状通过儿童行为检查表（CBCL）评估。对人口统计学和头痛频率进行调整后，将 CBCL 评分作为头痛状况的函数进行建模。
与对照组相比，偏头痛患儿在以下 CBCL 领域更有可能出现异常：躯体、焦虑抑郁、社交、注意力、内化和总分。紧张型头痛（TTH）患儿在同样的领域与对照组有显著差异，但程度低于偏头痛。在偏头痛患儿中，损伤显著随头痛频率、种族和收入而变化。在 TTH 患儿中，性别、年龄和头痛频率与异常评分显著相关。
偏头痛和 TTH 与多个领域的行为症状显著相关，且头痛频率会影响这种关联。内隐症状在头痛患儿中很常见，而外显症状（如违规和攻击性）并不比对照组更常见。
