Centre d'études d'agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé, CNRS - UMR 5236, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier F-34 293, France.
Virus Res. 2013 Feb;171(2):332-40. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.08.014. Epub 2012 Sep 16.
Viral assembly is a key step in the virus life cycle. In this review, we focus mainly on the ability of retroviruses, especially HIV-1, to assemble at the plasma membrane of their host cells. The assembly process of RNA enveloped viruses necessitates a fine orchestration between the different viral components and specific interactions between viral proteins and lipids of the host cell membrane. Searching for a comparison with another RNA enveloped virus, we refer to influenza virus to show how it could share (or not) some common features with HIV-1 assembly since both viruses are believed to assemble mainly in raft microdomains. We also discuss the role of RNA and the cellular actin cytoskeleton in enhancing these viral assembly processes. Finally, based on the literature and on new results we have obtained by molecular docking, we propose another mechanism for HIV-1 assembly in membrane domains. This mechanism involves the trapping of acidic lipids by the viral Gag protein by means of ionic protein-lipid interactions, inducing thereby formation of acidic lipid-enriched microdomains (ALEM).
病毒组装是病毒生命周期中的一个关键步骤。在这篇综述中，我们主要关注逆转录病毒，特别是 HIV-1，在宿主细胞膜上组装的能力。RNA 包膜病毒的组装过程需要不同病毒成分之间的精细协调，以及病毒蛋白与宿主细胞膜脂质之间的特异性相互作用。为了寻找与另一种 RNA 包膜病毒的比较，我们参考流感病毒，以展示它如何与 HIV-1 组装共享（或不共享）一些共同特征，因为这两种病毒都被认为主要在筏微域中组装。我们还讨论了 RNA 和细胞肌动蛋白细胞骨架在增强这些病毒组装过程中的作用。最后，基于文献和我们通过分子对接获得的新结果，我们提出了 HIV-1 在膜域中组装的另一种机制。这种机制涉及病毒 Gag 蛋白通过离子蛋白-脂质相互作用捕获酸性脂质，从而诱导富含酸性脂质的微域（ALEM）的形成。
