Applied Exercise Science Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Nov 15;303(10):E1212-21. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00309.2012. Epub 2012 Sep 18.
PPARδ is a transcription factor regulating the expression of genes involved in oxidative metabolism, which may regulate blood cholesterols through transcription of oxidative and lipoprotein metabolism genes. To determine the association of skeletal muscle PPARδ content with blood lipids and lipoproteins before and following exercise, overweight and obese men (n = 9) and women (n = 7) were recruited; age, BMI, body fat percentage, and Vo(2max) were (means ± SE) 45 ± 2.5 yr, 31.9 ± 1.4 kg/m(-2), 41.1 ± 1.5%, and 26.0 ± 1.3 mLO(2)·kg(-1)·min(-1), respectively. Subjects performed 12 wk of endurance exercise training (3 sessions/wk, progressing to 500 kcal/session). To assess the acute exercise response, subjects performed a single exercise session on a treadmill (70% Vo(2max), 400 kcal energy expenditure) before and after training. Muscle and blood samples were obtained prior to any exercise and 24 h after each acute exercise session. Muscle was analyzed for protein content of PPARδ, PPARα, PGC-1α, AMPKα, and the oxidative and lipoprotein markers FAT/CD36, CPT I, COX-IV, LPL, F(1) ATPase, ABCAI, and LDL receptor. Blood was assessed for lipids and lipoproteins. Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed no influence of sex on measured outcomes. PPARδ, PGC-1α, FAT/CD36, and LPL content were enhanced following acute exercise, whereas PPARα, AMPKα, CPT I, and COX-IV content were enhanced only after exercise training. PPARδ content negatively correlated with total and LDL cholesterol concentrations primarily in the untrained condition (r ≤ -0.4946, P < 0.05), whereas AMPKα was positively correlated with HDL cholesterol concentrations regardless of exercise (r ≥ 0.5543, P < 0.05). Our findings demonstrate exercise-induced expression of skeletal muscle PPARs and their target proteins, and this expression is associated with improved blood lipids and lipoproteins in obese adults.
过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 δ 是一种转录因子，可调节参与氧化代谢的基因的表达，这可能通过转录氧化和脂蛋白代谢基因来调节血液胆固醇。为了确定运动前和运动后骨骼肌过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 δ 含量与血脂和脂蛋白的关系，招募了超重和肥胖的男性（n = 9）和女性（n = 7）；年龄、BMI、体脂百分比和 Vo(2max) 分别为（平均值 ± SE）45 ± 2.5 岁、31.9 ± 1.4 kg/m(-2)、41.1 ± 1.5%和 26.0 ± 1.3 mLO(2)·kg(-1)·min(-1)。受试者进行了 12 周的耐力运动训练（每周 3 次，每次增加 500 卡路里）。为了评估急性运动反应，受试者在训练前后在跑步机上进行了一次单一运动（70% Vo(2max)，400 卡路里能量消耗）。在任何运动之前和每次急性运动后 24 小时采集肌肉和血液样本。肌肉中 PPARδ、PPARα、PGC-1α、AMPKα 的蛋白含量以及氧化和脂蛋白标志物 FAT/CD36、CPT I、COX-IV、LPL、F(1)ATPase、ABCAI 和 LDL 受体进行了分析。血液评估了脂质和脂蛋白。重复测量方差分析显示，性别对测量结果没有影响。急性运动后，PPARδ、PGC-1α、FAT/CD36 和 LPL 含量增加，而 PPARα、AMPKα、CPT I 和 COX-IV 含量仅在运动训练后增加。PPARδ 含量与总胆固醇和 LDL 胆固醇浓度呈负相关，主要在未经训练的情况下（r ≤ -0.4946，P < 0.05），而 AMPKα 与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度呈正相关，无论运动与否（r ≥ 0.5543，P < 0.05）。我们的发现表明，运动诱导了骨骼肌过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体及其靶蛋白的表达，这种表达与肥胖成年人血液中脂质和脂蛋白的改善有关。
