使用模糊集方法研究中国超高龄老年人的生存健康和死亡质量。
Healthiness of survival and quality of death among oldest old in China using fuzzy sets.
机构信息
Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA.
出版信息
J Aging Health. 2012 Oct;24(7):1091-130. doi: 10.1177/0898264312453069.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate healthiness of survival and quality of death among oldest-old Chinese.
METHODS
Grade of Membership (GoM) method is applied to fulfill our goals using a nationwide longitudinal survey in China.
RESULTS
GoM method generates six pure types/profiles for healthiness of survival and five profiles/types for quality of death. The authors combine these 11 profiles into 4 groups. On average, a Chinese oldest old from 1998 to 2000 had 48% probability of experiencing healthy survival, with 30% experiencing unhealthy survival, 11% having nonsuffering death, and 11% having suffering death. Similar memberships of dying with nonsuffering conditions are found across ages among the decedents. Men have a higher probability of being in healthy survival and nonsuffering death as compared to women. Marriage, high social connections, nonsmoking, and regular exercise are important contributors to healthy survival and quality of death.
DISCUSSION
It is possible to live to ages 100 and beyond without much suffering.
目的
调查中国超高龄老人的生存健康状况和死亡质量。
方法
本研究采用隶属度等级（GoM）方法，利用中国一项全国性纵向调查来实现我们的目标。
结果
GoM 方法为生存健康状况生成了 6 种纯类型/特征，为死亡质量生成了 5 种类型/特征。作者将这 11 种特征组合成 4 组。平均而言，1998 年至 2000 年的中国超高龄老人有 48%的可能性经历健康生存，30%的可能性经历不健康生存，11%的可能性经历无痛苦死亡，11%的可能性经历有痛苦死亡。在死亡者中，各年龄段无痛苦死亡的隶属度相似。与女性相比，男性更有可能健康生存和无痛苦死亡。婚姻、高社会联系、不吸烟和定期锻炼是健康生存和死亡质量的重要因素。
讨论
有可能在没有太多痛苦的情况下活到 100 岁甚至更老。
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