TU Darmstadt, Institute IWAR, Chair for Spatial and Infrastructure Planning, Darmstadt, Germany.
Waste Manag Res. 2012 Sep;30(9 Suppl):29-35. doi: 10.1177/0734242X12453612.
Defining the prevention of waste as top priority of the waste hierarchy--as confirmed by the revised Waste Framework Directive (WFD)--is much more than a simple amendment of ways to deal with waste, but means nothing less than a fundamental change of the socio-technical system of waste infrastructures and requires a transition from end-of-pipe technologies towards an integrated management of resources. The WFD therefore obligates member states to develop national waste prevention programs as a new policy instrument with the development of waste prevention indicators as one of the core elements. The article discusses the limitations of waste-based key figures and shows the need for more process-oriented indicators. As part of the development of national waste prevention programs such indicators reveal the relevance of different barriers that have to be overcome in order to make prevention an effective top priority in the waste hierarchy. With regard to path dependencies caused by sunk costs in end-of-pipe waste infrastructures the absolute amount of integrated environmental investments, as well as their share of the total waste-related investments, can be seen as indicators for the level of innovation activities aimed at waste prevention. Sector-specific indicators for the production phase could be used as benchmarks and to highlight differences in the need for policy interventions.
将防止浪费定义为废物层级制度的首要任务——这一观点已在修订后的《废物框架指令》（WFD）中得到确认——这不仅仅是处理废物方式的简单修订，而是意味着要对废物基础设施的社会技术系统进行根本性变革，需要从末端治理技术向资源综合管理过渡。因此，WFD 要求成员国制定国家废物预防计划，作为一种新的政策工具，开发废物预防指标是其核心要素之一。本文讨论了基于废物的关键指标的局限性，并表明需要采用更注重过程的指标。作为国家废物预防计划制定的一部分，此类指标揭示了在废物层级中使预防成为有效首要任务所必须克服的不同障碍的相关性。对于由末端治理废物基础设施的沉淀成本引起的路径依赖，综合环境投资的绝对数量及其在总废物相关投资中的份额，可以被视为旨在防止废物的创新活动水平的指标。针对生产阶段的具体部门指标可用作基准，并突出政策干预需求的差异。
