Zołnierczyk-Zreda Dorota, Majewski Tadeusz
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Zakład Ergonomii, Pracownia Psychologii i Socjologii Pracy, Warszawa, Poland.
Med Pr. 2012;63(4):493-504.
The occupational activity index among people with disabilities in Poland is still one of the lowest in Europe. Employers' resistance to employ these people is considered to be one of its major reasons. It stems from employers' fear of their low productivity and the need to adapt the work environment to their psychophysical capacities. In addition, the existing system of medical certification of disability does not motivate employers strong enough to adjust the work environment. This paper attempts to specify the main principles of the work environment adaptation to psychophysical capacities of two categories of workers with disabilities: those with motor function disabilities and those with intellectual or mental disability. For the former group of workers, the work environment adaptation may involve modifications of its physical aspects and entail some outlays, while for the latter group, the work environment adaptation is mainly based on the provision of workers with social support (both instrumental and emotional) by their supervisors and co-workers. Efforts associated with the work environment adaptation to the needs of workers with disabilities should, therefore, be considered not only in terms of outlays and enterprise productivity but also in terms of preventing social exclusion of people with disabilities.
波兰残疾人的职业活动指数在欧洲仍处于最低水平之一。雇主不愿雇佣这些人被认为是其主要原因之一。这源于雇主担心他们的生产力低下以及需要使工作环境适应他们的身心能力。此外，现有的残疾医学认证体系对雇主调整工作环境的激励作用不够强。本文试图明确针对两类残疾工人（运动功能残疾者和智力或精神残疾者）的身心能力来调整工作环境的主要原则。对于前一类工人，工作环境的调整可能涉及对其物理方面的修改并需要一些费用，而对于后一类工人，工作环境的调整主要基于主管和同事为工人提供社会支持（包括工具性支持和情感支持）。因此，与使工作环境适应残疾工人需求相关的努力不仅应从费用和企业生产力的角度来考虑，还应从防止残疾人被社会排斥的角度来考虑。
