Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2012;66:177-96. doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-092611-150203.
The innate immune system uses multiple strategies to detect viral infections. Because all viruses rely on host cells for their synthesis and propagation, the molecular features used to detect viral infections must be unique to viruses and absent from host cells. Research in the past decade has advanced our understanding of various cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic modes of virus recognition. This review examines the innate recognition from the point of view of virus invasion and replication strategies, and places innate sensors in the context of detecting viral genome, replication intermediate, transcriptional by-product, and other viral invasion strategies. On the basis of other unique features common to viral infections, undiscovered areas of virus detection are discussed.
先天免疫系统利用多种策略来检测病毒感染。由于所有病毒的合成和繁殖都依赖于宿主细胞，因此用于检测病毒感染的分子特征必须是病毒所特有的，而不存在于宿主细胞中。过去十年的研究增进了我们对各种细胞内和细胞外病毒识别模式的理解。本综述从病毒入侵和复制策略的角度探讨了先天识别，并将先天传感器置于检测病毒基因组、复制中间体、转录副产物和其他病毒入侵策略的背景下。基于病毒感染的其他共同特有特征，讨论了病毒检测的未发现领域。
