LABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia ed Odontologia Forense Sezione di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
Forensic Sci Int. 2012 Nov 30;223(1-3):91-6. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.08.008. Epub 2012 Sep 17.
Scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) is extensively seen in the literature for the improvement of the macroscopic analysis of sharp lesions, but very few indications concerning its real potential in the forensic context, particularly in forensic anthropology, are at the moment available. This paper represents a pilot study for the analysis of the behaviour of metallic residues found on bone after sharp force injury. Fourteen lesions were made on human bone (radius), cleaned of all soft tissues, with seven different sharp tools (three metal instruments, three metal saws and a baked-clay knife). Tools and lesions underwent SEM-EDS. From 3 to 18 particles were detected on each lesion, whose diameter was included between 0.5 and 150 μm. In 58% of cases, particle composition was concordant with the instrument used. The results seem to suggest that sharp force injury frequently leaves relatively few residues on bone, particularly in the case of common types of metal. Saws showed slightly more contamination with other residues than knives, which may be explained by the capability of the saw's teeth to retain the residues of previously encountered material. In addition, metal residues related to the tool used to cut the bone were located on the edges/walls of lesions in the case of saw marks, whereas they were more frequently found on the kerf floor in the case of knives/scissors, with the exception of the baked clay knife which when it leaves residues at all, seemed to leave them equally divided between the floor, the edges and the surrounding bone.
扫描电子显微镜结合 X 射线能量色散谱（SEM-EDS）在文献中被广泛用于提高对锐利损伤的宏观分析，但目前关于其在法医背景下，特别是法医人类学中的实际潜力的证据非常有限。本文代表了对锐器伤后骨上金属残留物行为分析的初步研究。在人类骨骼（桡骨）上制造了 14 个损伤，去除所有软组织，使用了 7 种不同的锐利工具（3 种金属器械、3 种金属锯和一种烧制粘土刀）。工具和损伤都经过了 SEM-EDS 分析。每个损伤上检测到 3 到 18 个颗粒，其直径在 0.5 到 150μm 之间。在 58%的情况下，颗粒成分与使用的工具一致。结果似乎表明，锐器伤通常在骨上留下相对较少的残留物，特别是在常见类型的金属的情况下。与刀相比，锯显示出稍微更多的与其他残留物的污染，这可以通过锯齿保留先前遇到的材料的残留物的能力来解释。此外，在锯痕的情况下，与切割骨骼的工具相关的金属残留物位于损伤的边缘/壁上，而在刀/剪刀的情况下，它们更频繁地位于切口中，除了烧制的粘土刀，它在留下残留物时，似乎将它们均匀地分布在切口底部、边缘和周围的骨骼上。
