Nogueira Luísa, Quatrehomme Gérald, Bertrand Marie-France, Rallon Christophe, Ceinos Romain, du Jardin Philippe, Adalian Pascal, Alunni Véronique
Laboratoire de Médecine Légale et d'Anthropologie médico-légale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Côte d'Azur, 28 avenue de Valombrose, 06107, Nice cedex 2, France.
Laboratoire de Médecine Légale et d'Anthropologie médico-légale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Côte d'Azur, and CEPAM (UMR CNRS 7264), 28 Avenue de Valombrose, 06107, Nice cedex 2, France.
Int J Legal Med. 2017 Mar;131(2):465-472. doi: 10.1007/s00414-016-1522-1. Epub 2017 Jan 13.
This experimental study examined the lesions produced by a hatchet on human bones (tibiae). A total of 30 lesions were produced and examined macroscopically (naked eye) and by stereomicroscopy. 13 of them were also analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The general shape of the lesion, both edges, both walls, the kerf floor and the extremities were described. The length and maximum width of the lesions were also recorded. The microscopic analysis of the lesions led to the description of a sharp-blunt mechanism. Specific criteria were identified (lateral pushing back, fragmentation of the upraising, fossa dug laterally to the edge and vertical striae) enabling the forensic expert to conclude that a hacking instrument was used. These criteria are easily identifiable using scanning electron microscopy, but can also be observed with stereomicroscopy. Overall, lateral pushing back and vertical striae visible using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy signal the use of a hacking tool.
这项实验研究检查了斧头对人体骨骼（胫骨）造成的损伤。总共制造了30处损伤，并进行了肉眼宏观检查和体视显微镜检查。其中13处损伤还使用扫描电子显微镜进行了分析。描述了损伤的总体形状、两边、两壁、切口底部和末端。还记录了损伤的长度和最大宽度。对损伤的微观分析得出了一种锐钝机制的描述。确定了具体标准（侧向回推、隆起处破碎、边缘外侧挖出的凹坑和垂直条纹），使法医专家能够得出使用了砍击工具的结论。使用扫描电子显微镜很容易识别这些标准，但体视显微镜也能观察到。总体而言，体视显微镜和扫描电子显微镜下可见的侧向回推和垂直条纹表明使用了砍击工具。
