American University of Beirut, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh 1107 2020, Beirut, Lebanon.
J Environ Manage. 2012 Dec 30;113:93-102. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.07.035. Epub 2012 Sep 17.
This paper examines the temporal and spatial distributions of the largest oil spill along the Eastern Mediterranean and explores management options (boom deployment and fuel upgrade) to reduce potential adverse impacts on the marine environment from similar accidents. For this purpose, the trajectory and weathering of the ~18,000 tons of heavy fuel oil spilled from the Jiyeh thermal power plant were simulated along the coast of Lebanon using the 3D MEDSLIK model, supported with sea water sampling and analysis and field measurements. The base simulation of the spill under existing conditions at the time of occurrence defined the temporal distribution over 90 days of oil spilled in terms of percentage of oil on the surface or evaporated (13.1%), dispersed in the water column or landed on the coast (86.9% landed of which 30.1% were potentially releasable). The spatial distribution defined shoreline stretches with high risk of exposure (located 35 km north of the source and stretching for more than 150 km with medium to low risk exposure). Parametric analysis revealed a relatively higher sensitivity to the drift factor, the current depth, and the time of spill parameters. Deployment of booms reduced shorelines exposure by ~95% in comparison to baseline conditions, and medium or light brands increased evaporation by ~22-42% and reduced oil reaching the coast by ~37-57% in comparison to heavy fuel oil.
本文考察了东地中海历史上最大规模溢油事故的时空分布情况，并探讨了（溢油围栏部署和燃油升级）管理选项，以降低类似事故对海洋环境的潜在不利影响。为此，利用 3D MEDSLIK 模型，结合海水采样分析和现场测量，对 Jiyeh 火力发电厂约 18000 吨重质燃料油的轨迹和风化情况进行了模拟。在事故发生时现有条件下的基础模拟中，在 90 天的时间内，以溢油表面百分比或蒸发量（13.1%）、分散在水柱或登陆海岸（86.9%，其中 30.1%可能释放）来定义溢油的时间分布。空间分布定义了具有高暴露风险的海岸线延伸段（位于源以北 35 公里处，延伸超过 150 公里，具有中到低暴露风险）。参数分析显示，漂移因子、当前水深和溢油时间参数的敏感性相对较高。与基线条件相比，溢油围栏的部署将海岸线的暴露减少了约 95%，而中或轻品牌的围栏增加了约 22-42%的蒸发量，并减少了约 37-57%的溢油到达海岸。
