Department of Sociology, Psychology and Social Work, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica.
Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica.
Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2012 Sep 21;6(1):31. doi: 10.1186/1753-2000-6-31.
The strategies that parents use to guide and discipline their children may influence their emotional health. Relatively little research has been conducted examining the association of parenting practices to depressive symptoms among Caribbean adolescents. This project examines the association of parenting styles to levels of depressive symptoms among adolescents in Jamaica, the Bahamas, St. Kitts and Nevis, and St. Vincent.
Adolescents attending grade ten of academic year 2006/2007 in Jamaica, the Bahamas, St. Vincent, and St. Kitts and Nevis were administered the Parenting Practices Scale along with the BDI-II. Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive and Neglectful parenting styles were created using a median split procedure of the monitoring and nurturance subscales of the Parenting Practices Scale. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the relationships of parenting styles to depressive symptoms.
A wide cross-section of tenth grade students in each nation was sampled (n = 1955; 278 from Jamaica, 217 from the Bahamas, 737 St. Kitts and Nevis, 716 from St. Vincent; 52.1% females, 45.6% males and 2.3% no gender reported; age 12 to 19 years, mean = 15.3 yrs, sd = .95 yrs). Nearly half (52.1%) of all adolescents reported mild to severe symptoms of depression with 29.1% reporting moderate to severe symptoms of depression. In general, authoritative and permissive parenting styles were both associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms in adolescents. However, the relationship of parenting styles to depression scores was not consistent across countries (p < .05). In contrast to previous research on Caribbean parenting, caregivers in this study used a mixture of different parenting styles with the two most popular styles being authoritative and neglectful parenting.
There appears to be an association between parenting styles and depressive symptoms that is differentially manifested across the islands of Jamaica, the Bahamas, St. Kitts and Nevis and St. Vincent.
父母用来引导和管教孩子的策略可能会影响他们的情绪健康。相对较少的研究考察了育儿实践与加勒比青少年抑郁症状之间的关系。本项目研究了牙买加、巴哈马、圣基茨和尼维斯以及圣文森特的青少年的父母教养方式与抑郁症状水平之间的关系。
在牙买加、巴哈马、圣文森特和圣基茨和尼维斯，对 2006/2007 学年十年级的青少年进行了父母教养方式量表和 BDI-II 测试。使用父母教养方式量表的监测和养育分量表的中位数分割程序创建了权威型、专制型、放任型和忽视型教养方式。采用多元回归分析来检验教养方式与抑郁症状的关系。
从每个国家抽取了广泛的十年级学生样本（n=1955；牙买加 278 人，巴哈马 217 人，圣基茨和尼维斯 737 人，圣文森特 716 人；女性占 52.1%，男性占 45.6%，无性别报告占 2.3%；年龄 12 至 19 岁，平均 15.3 岁，标准差 0.95 岁）。近一半（52.1%）的青少年报告有轻度至重度抑郁症状，29.1%报告有中度至重度抑郁症状。一般来说，权威型和放任型教养方式都与青少年的抑郁症状水平较低有关。然而，教养方式与抑郁评分之间的关系在各国并不一致（p<0.05）。与之前关于加勒比地区育儿的研究不同，本研究中的照顾者使用了不同的育儿方式的混合方式，其中最受欢迎的两种方式是权威型和忽视型育儿。
父母教养方式与抑郁症状之间似乎存在关联，这种关联在牙买加、巴哈马、圣基茨和尼维斯以及圣文森特的岛屿上表现不同。
