School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Biomed Environ Sci. 2012 Apr;25(2):230-7. doi: 10.3967/0895-3988.2012.02.016.
To better understand the mechanism of chlorine resistance of mycobacteria and evaluate the efficiency of various disinfection processes.
Inactivation experiments of one strain Mycobacteria mucogenicum, isolated from a drinking water distribution system in South China were conducted with various chlorine disinfectants. Inactivation efficiency and disinfectant residual, as well as the formation of organic chloramines, were measured during the experiments.
This strain of M. mucogenicum showed high resistance to chlorine. The CT values of 99.9% inactivation by free chlorine, monochloramine and chlorine dioxide were detected as 29.6 +/- 1.46, 170 +/- 6.16, and 10.9 +/-1.55 min. (mg/L) respectively, indicating that chlorine dioxide exhibited significantly higher efficiency than free chlorine and monochloramine. It was also found that M. mucogenicum reacted with chlorine disinfectants more slowly than 5. aureus, but consumed more chlorine disinfectants during longer time of contact. Lipid analysis of the cell construction revealed that 95.7% of cell membrane lipid of M. mucogenicum was composed of saturated long chain fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids were regarded as more stable and more hydrophilic which enabled the cell membrane to prevent the diffusion of chlorine.
It was concluded that different compositions of cell membrane might endow M. mucogenicum with a higher chlorine resistance.
更好地了解分枝杆菌抗氯机制，并评估各种消毒工艺的效率。
对从华南某饮用水分配系统中分离出的一株黏液分枝杆菌进行了各种含氯消毒剂的灭活实验。实验过程中测定了灭活效率和消毒剂残留，以及有机氯胺的形成情况。
该黏液分枝杆菌对氯表现出很强的抗性。游离氯、一氯胺和二氧化氯达到 99.9%杀灭时的 CT 值分别为 29.6±1.46、170±6.16 和 10.9±1.55 min·(mg/L)，表明二氧化氯的效率明显高于游离氯和一氯胺。研究还发现，与金黄色葡萄球菌相比，黏液分枝杆菌与氯消毒剂的反应速度较慢，但在更长的接触时间内消耗更多的氯消毒剂。细胞膜结构的脂质分析表明，黏液分枝杆菌细胞膜脂质的 95.7%由饱和长链脂肪酸组成。饱和脂肪酸被认为更稳定、更亲水，使细胞膜能够阻止氯的扩散。
细胞膜的不同组成可能赋予黏液分枝杆菌更高的氯抗性。
