Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Immunity. 2012 Sep 21;37(3):412-25. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.08.012.
Antibodies that neutralize diverse strains of HIV-1 develop in ∼20% of HIV-1-infected individuals, and isolation and structural characterization of these antibodies are revealing how they recognize the envelope glycoprotein spike. Broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies utilize just a few sites of spike vulnerability and converge on select modes of recognition. These antibodies have unusual features: uncommonly long complementarity-determining loops, extensive somatic mutation, or both. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing of antibody-gene transcripts are providing genetic records of the development of neutralizing antibodies. These records inform an understanding of the naive B cell repertoire, of somatic mutation, and of the resulting antibody features that are critical to effective HIV-1 neutralization; based on these, we propose an ontogeny and structure-based system of antibody classification. The human immune system is capable of developing antibodies that broadly neutralize HIV-1--and an increasingly detailed view is accumulating for how effective immunity against HIV-1 can be generated.
在约 20%的 HIV-1 感染者中会产生中和多种 HIV-1 毒株的抗体，这些抗体的分离和结构特征揭示了它们如何识别包膜糖蛋白刺突。广泛反应性的中和抗体仅利用刺突的少数弱点部位，并集中于选择的识别模式。这些抗体具有不寻常的特征：罕见的长互补决定环、广泛的体细胞突变，或两者兼有。抗体基因转录本的下一代测序的最新进展正在为中和抗体的产生提供遗传记录。这些记录为理解原始 B 细胞库、体细胞突变以及对有效 HIV-1 中和至关重要的抗体特征提供了信息；基于这些信息，我们提出了一个基于发育和结构的抗体分类系统。人类免疫系统能够产生广泛中和 HIV-1 的抗体，并且正在积累越来越详细的信息，了解如何产生针对 HIV-1 的有效免疫。
