School of Applied Sciences, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2013 Feb;20(2):1041-9. doi: 10.1007/s11356-012-1196-2. Epub 2012 Sep 25.
Nanosized zero-valent iron (nZVI) is an effective land remediation tool, but there remains little information regarding its impact upon and interactions with the soil microbial community. nZVI stabilised with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose was applied to soils of three contrasting textures and organic matter contents to determine impacts on soil microbial biomass, phenotypic (phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA)), and functional (multiple substrate-induced respiration (MSIR)) profiles. The nZVI significantly reduced microbial biomass by 29 % but only where soil was amended with 5 % straw. Effects of nZVI on MSIR profiles were only evident in the clay soils and were independent of organic matter content. PLFA profiling indicated that the soil microbial community structure in sandy soils were apparently the most, and clay soils the least, vulnerable to nZVI suggesting a protective effect imparted by clays. Evidence of nZVI bactericidal effects on Gram-negative bacteria and a potential reduction of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are presented. Data imply that the impact of nZVI on soil microbial communities is dependent on organic matter content and soil mineral type. Thereby, evaluations of nZVI toxicity on soil microbial communities should consider context. The reduction of AM fungi following nZVI application may have implications for land remediation.
纳米零价铁（nZVI）是一种有效的土地修复工具，但关于其对土壤微生物群落的影响和相互作用的信息仍然很少。用羧甲基纤维素钠稳定的 nZVI 被应用于三种不同质地和有机质含量的土壤中，以确定其对土壤微生物生物量、表型（磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA））和功能（多种基质诱导呼吸（MSIR））特征的影响。nZVI 显著降低了微生物生物量，降低了 29%，但仅在土壤中添加 5%的秸秆时才会发生这种情况。nZVI 对 MSIR 特征的影响仅在粘土地中明显，而与有机质含量无关。PLFA 分析表明，沙质土壤中的土壤微生物群落结构显然最容易受到 nZVI 的影响，而粘土地则最不容易受到影响，这表明粘土赋予了保护作用。本文介绍了 nZVI 对革兰氏阴性菌的杀菌作用和对丛枝菌根真菌的潜在减少的证据。数据表明，nZVI 对土壤微生物群落的影响取决于有机质含量和土壤矿物类型。因此，对 nZVI 对土壤微生物群落毒性的评估应考虑具体情况。nZVI 应用后 AM 真菌的减少可能对土地修复产生影响。
