Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03756, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2012 Oct;120(10):1418-24. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1205014. Epub 2012 Sep 24.
In adult populations, emerging evidence indicates that humans are exposed to arsenic by ingestion of contaminated foods such as rice, grains, and juice; yet little is known about arsenic exposure among children.
Our goal was to determine whether rice consumption contributes to arsenic exposure in U.S. children.
We used data from the nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to examine the relationship between rice consumption (measured in 0.25 cups of cooked rice per day) over a 24-hr period and subsequent urinary arsenic concentration among the 2,323 children (6-17 years of age) who participated in NHANES from 2003 to 2008. We examined total urinary arsenic (excluding arsenobetaine and arsenocholine) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) concentrations overall and by age group: 6-11 years and 12-17 years.
The median [interquartile range (IQR)] total urinary arsenic concentration among children who reported consuming rice was 8.9 μg/L (IQR: 5.3-15.6) compared with 5.5 μg/L (IQR: 3.1-8.4) among those who did not consume rice. After adjusting for potentially confounding factors, and restricting the study to participants who did not consume seafood in the preceding 24 hr, total urinary arsenic concentration increased 14.2% (95% confidence interval: 11.3, 17.1%) with each 0.25 cup increase in cooked rice consumption.
Our study suggests that rice consumption is a potential source of arsenic exposure in U.S. children.
在成年人群体中，有新的证据表明，人类通过摄入受污染的食物，如大米、谷物和果汁，会接触到砷；然而，人们对儿童接触砷的情况知之甚少。
我们的目标是确定食用大米是否会导致美国儿童接触砷。
我们利用来自具有全国代表性的国家健康和营养调查（NHANES）的数据，考察了在 24 小时内食用 0.25 杯煮熟的大米（以每 0.25 杯为单位）与 2003 年至 2008 年期间参与 NHANES 的 2323 名儿童（6-17 岁）的后续尿液砷浓度之间的关系。我们检测了总尿液砷（不包括砷甜菜碱和砷胆碱）和二甲基砷酸（DMA）浓度，总体以及按年龄组（6-11 岁和 12-17 岁）进行了检测。
报告食用大米的儿童的中位数[四分位距（IQR）]总尿液砷浓度为 8.9μg/L（IQR：5.3-15.6），而不食用大米的儿童为 5.5μg/L（IQR：3.1-8.4）。在调整了潜在的混杂因素后，并将研究限制在过去 24 小时内未食用海鲜的参与者中，总尿液砷浓度随着每增加 0.25 杯煮熟的大米摄入量而增加 14.2%（95%置信区间：11.3，17.1%）。
我们的研究表明，食用大米是美国儿童砷暴露的一个潜在来源。
