deCastro B Rey, Caldwell Kathleen L, Jones Robert L, Blount Benjamin C, Pan Yi, Ward Cynthia, Mortensen Mary E
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2014 Sep 24;9(9):e108098. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108098. eCollection 2014.
Arsenic is an ubiquitous element linked to carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, as well as adverse respiratory, gastrointestinal, hepatic, and dermal health effects.
Identify dietary sources of speciated arsenic: monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA).
Age-stratified, sample-weighted regression of NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) 2003-2010 data (∼8,300 participants ≥6 years old) characterized the association between urinary arsenic species and the additional mass consumed of USDA-standardized food groups (24-hour dietary recall data), controlling for potential confounders.
For all arsenic species, the rank-order of age strata for median urinary molar concentration was children 6-11 years > adults 20-84 years > adolescents 12-19 years, and for all age strata, the rank-order was DMA > MMA. Median urinary molar concentrations of methylated arsenic species ranged from 0.56 to 3.52 µmol/mol creatinine. Statistically significant increases in urinary arsenic species were associated with increased consumption of: fish (DMA); fruits (DMA, MMA); grain products (DMA, MMA); legumes, nuts, seeds (DMA); meat, poultry (DMA); rice (DMA, MMA); rice cakes/crackers (DMA, MMA); and sugars, sweets, beverages (MMA). And, for adults, rice beverage/milk (DMA, MMA). In addition, based on US (United States) median and 90th percentile consumption rates of each food group, exposure from the following food groups was highlighted: fish; fruits; grain products; legumes, nuts, seeds; meat, poultry; and sugars, sweets, beverages.
In a nationally representative sample of the US civilian, noninstitutionalized population, fish (adults), rice (children), and rice cakes/crackers (adolescents) had the largest associations with urinary DMA. For MMA, rice beverage/milk (adults) and rice cakes/crackers (children, adolescents) had the largest associations.
砷是一种普遍存在的元素，与致癌性、神经毒性以及不良的呼吸、胃肠、肝脏和皮肤健康影响有关。
确定特定形态砷的膳食来源：一甲基胂酸（MMA）和二甲基胂酸（DMA）。
对2003 - 2010年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）数据（约8300名6岁及以上参与者）进行年龄分层、样本加权回归，以确定尿砷形态与美国农业部标准化食物组额外摄入量（24小时膳食回忆数据）之间的关联，并控制潜在混杂因素。
对于所有砷形态，尿中摩尔浓度中位数的年龄层排序为6 - 11岁儿童＞20 - 84岁成年人＞12 - 19岁青少年，且对于所有年龄层，排序为DMA＞MMA。甲基化砷形态的尿中摩尔浓度中位数范围为0.56至3.52μmol/mol肌酐。尿砷形态的统计学显著增加与以下食物摄入量增加有关：鱼类（DMA）；水果（DMA、MMA）；谷物制品（DMA、MMA）；豆类、坚果、种子（DMA）；肉类、家禽（DMA）；大米（DMA、MMA）；米饼/饼干（DMA、MMA）；糖、甜食、饮料（MMA）。此外，对于成年人，米制饮料/牛奶（DMA、MMA）。另外，根据美国各食物组的中位数和第90百分位数消费率，突出了以下食物组的暴露情况：鱼类；水果；谷物制品；豆类、坚果、种子；肉类、家禽；糖、甜食、饮料。
在美国非机构化平民的全国代表性样本中，鱼类（成年人）、大米（儿童）和米饼/饼干（青少年）与尿DMA的关联最大。对于MMA，米制饮料/牛奶（成年人）以及米饼/饼干（儿童、青少年）的关联最大。
