结构与功能：规划新的 ICU 以优化患者护理。
Structure and function: planning a new ICU to optimize patient care.
机构信息
Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
出版信息
Curr Opin Crit Care. 2012 Dec;18(6):688-92. doi: 10.1097/MCC.0b013e328358d4bd.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
To survey the recent medical literature reporting effects of ICU design on patients' and family members' well being, safety and functionality.
RECENT FINDINGS
Features of ICU design linked to the needs of patients and their family are single rooms, privacy, quiet surrounding, exposure to daylight, views of nature, prevention of infection, a family area and open visiting hours. Other features such as safety, working procedures, ergonomics and logistics have a direct impact on the patient care and the nursing and medical personnel.
SUMMARY
An organization structured on the needs of the patient and their family is mandatory in designing a new ICU. The main aims in the design of a new department should be patient-centered care, safety, functionality, innovation and a future-proof concept.
目的综述
调查最近的医学文献报告 ICU 设计对患者和家属的健康、安全和功能的影响。
最近的发现
与患者及其家属需求相关的 ICU 设计特点包括单人房间、隐私、安静的环境、自然采光、自然景观、预防感染、家庭区和开放探视时间。其他特点，如安全性、工作流程、人体工程学和后勤保障，直接影响到患者护理以及护理人员和医务人员。
总结
在设计新的 ICU 时，必须满足患者及其家属的需求。新科室设计的主要目标应该是以患者为中心的护理、安全性、功能性、创新性和前瞻性概念。
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