BIOAIRLab, European Center for Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy.
Angiogenesis. 2013 Jan;16(1):1-14. doi: 10.1007/s10456-012-9307-8. Epub 2012 Sep 26.
One of the main limitation in obtaining thick, 3-dimensional viable engineered constructs is the inability to provide a sufficient and functional blood vessel system essential for the in vitro survival and the in vivo integration of the construct. Different strategies have been proposed to simulate the ingrowth of new blood vessels into engineered tissue, such as the use of growth factors, fabrication scaffold technologies, in vivo prevascularization and cell-based strategies, and it has been demonstrated that endothelial cells play a central role in the neovascularization process and in the control of blood vessel function. In particular, different "environmental" settings (origin, presence of supporting cells, biomaterial surface, presence of hemodynamic forces) strongly influence endothelial cell function, angiogenic potential and the in vivo formation of durable vessels. This review provides an overview of the different techniques developed so far for the vascularization of tissue-engineered constructs (with their advantages and pitfalls), focusing the attention on the recent development in the cell-based vascularization strategy and the in vivo applications.
获得厚的、三维的、有活力的工程化构建体的主要限制之一是无法提供足够的、功能性的血管系统，而这对于构建体的体外存活和体内整合是至关重要的。已经提出了不同的策略来模拟新血管向内生长到工程化组织中，例如使用生长因子、制造支架技术、体内预血管化和基于细胞的策略，并且已经证明内皮细胞在新血管生成过程和控制血管功能中发挥着核心作用。特别是，不同的“环境”设置（起源、支持细胞的存在、生物材料表面、血流动力的存在）强烈影响内皮细胞的功能、血管生成潜力和体内持久血管的形成。这篇综述概述了迄今为止为组织工程化构建体的血管化开发的不同技术（及其优缺点），重点关注基于细胞的血管化策略和体内应用的最新发展。
