Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012 Dec 15;61(5):618-26. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318273ab3a.
Despite the major benefits of effective antiretroviral therapy on HIV-related survival, there is an ongoing need to help alleviate medication side effects related to antiretroviral therapy use. Initial studies suggest that marijuana use may reduce HIV-related symptoms, but medical marijuana use among HIV-infected individuals has not been well described.
The authors evaluated trends in marijuana use and reported motivations for use among 2776 HIV-infected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study between October 1994 and March 2010. Predictors of any and daily marijuana use were explored in multivariate logistic regression models clustered by person using generalized estimating equation. In 2009, participants were asked if their marijuana use was medical, "meaning prescribed by a doctor," or recreational, or both.
Over the 16 years of this study, the prevalence of current marijuana use decreased significantly from 21% to 14%. In contrast, daily marijuana use almost doubled from 3.3% to 6.1% of all women and from 18% to 51% of current marijuana users. Relaxation, appetite improvement, reduction of HIV-related symptoms, and social use were reported as common reasons for marijuana use. In 2009, most marijuana users reported either purely medicinal use (26%) or both medicinal and recreational usage (29%). Daily marijuana use was associated with higher CD4 cell count, quality of life, and older age. Demographic characteristics and risk behaviors were associated with current marijuana use overall but were not predictors of daily use.
This study suggests that both recreational and medicinal marijuana use are relatively common among HIV-infected women in the United States.
尽管有效的抗逆转录病毒疗法在与 HIV 相关的生存方面带来了重大益处，但仍需要帮助缓解与抗逆转录病毒治疗使用相关的药物副作用。初步研究表明，大麻的使用可能会减轻与 HIV 相关的症状，但感染 HIV 的人群中使用医用大麻的情况尚未得到很好的描述。
作者评估了 2776 名参加妇女艾滋病研究机构间计划（Women's Interagency HIV Study）的 HIV 感染女性在 1994 年 10 月至 2010 年 3 月期间使用大麻的趋势，并报告了使用动机。使用广义估计方程对多变量逻辑回归模型进行聚类，以探讨任何和每日使用大麻的预测因素。2009 年，参与者被问到他们的大麻使用是医用的，即“医生开的处方”，还是娱乐性的，或者两者兼而有之。
在这项研究的 16 年中，当前大麻使用的流行率从 21%显著下降到 14%。相比之下，每日大麻使用的比例从所有女性的 3.3%几乎翻了一番，达到 6.1%，从当前大麻使用者的 18%增加到 51%。放松、改善食欲、减轻 HIV 相关症状和社交使用被报告为大麻使用的常见原因。2009 年，大多数大麻使用者报告他们的使用要么是纯粹的医用（26%），要么是医用和娱乐性的混合使用（29%）。每日使用大麻与更高的 CD4 细胞计数、生活质量和年龄较大有关。人口统计学特征和风险行为与总体上的当前大麻使用有关，但不是每日使用的预测因素。
本研究表明，在美国，HIV 感染女性中，娱乐性和医用大麻的使用都相对常见。
