Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012 Oct;60(10):1847-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04164.x. Epub 2012 Sep 26.
To evaluate whether education level is associated with change in cognitive performance.
Prospective cohort study.
The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, a community-based cohort.
Nine thousand two hundred sixty-eight ARIC participants who underwent cognitive evaluation at least twice over a 15-year period.
Education was evaluated as a predictor of change in word recall, the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and word fluency. A random-effects linear regression model, and a time by educational level interaction was used.
Educational level was highly associated with cognitive performance. The effect on performance of a less than high school education (vs more than high school) was equivalent to the effect of as much as 22 years of cognitive aging, but educational level was not associated with change in cognitive performance in whites or blacks, with the exception of the DSST for whites, in whom those with lower levels of education had less decline in scores.
Educational level was not associated with change in cognitive performance, although the higher baseline cognitive performance of individuals with more education might explain lower rates of dementia in more-educated individuals, because more decline would have to take place between baseline higher performance and time at which dementia was diagnosed in more-educated individuals.
评估教育水平是否与认知表现的变化相关。
前瞻性队列研究。
基于社区的 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities（ARIC）研究。
9268 名至少在 15 年内接受过两次认知评估的 ARIC 参与者。
将教育评估为单词回忆、数字符号替代测试（DSST）和单词流畅性变化的预测因子。使用随机效应线性回归模型和时间与教育水平的交互作用。
教育水平与认知表现高度相关。未完成高中学业（相对于完成高中学业）对认知表现的影响相当于 22 年的认知衰老，但教育水平与白人和黑人的认知表现变化无关，除了白人的 DSST 外，教育程度较低的人得分下降较少。
教育水平与认知表现的变化无关，尽管受教育程度较高的个体的基线认知表现较高，这可能解释了受教育程度较高的个体痴呆症发病率较低的原因，因为在受教育程度较高的个体中，从基线较高的表现到诊断痴呆症的时间，认知能力下降的幅度更大。
