Obstetric Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Dec;24(6):387-94. doi: 10.1097/GCO.0b013e328359f131.
This review aims to provide an update on the recent evidence concerning exercise during pregnancy including effects for mother and fetus and the types, frequency, intensity, duration and rate of progression of exercise performed.
Exercises during pregnancy are associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness, prevention of urinary incontinence and low back pain, reduced symptoms of depression, gestational weight gain control, and for cases of gestational diabetes, reduced number of women who required insulin. There is no association with reduction in birth weight or preterm birth rate. The type of exercise shows no difference on results, and its intensity should be mild or moderate for previous sedentary women and moderate to high for active women. The exercise recommendations still are based on the current guidelines on moderate-intensity, low-impact, aerobic exercise at least three times a week. Yet, new guidelines propose increasing weekly physical-activity expenditure while incorporating vigorous exercise and adding light strength training to the exercise routine of healthy pregnant women. In the case of other chronic diseases like hypertension, there are still few data, and therefore more studies should be performed to assess the safety of the intervention.
Physical exercise is beneficial for women during pregnancy and also in the postpartum period; it is not associated with risks for the newborn and can lead to changes in lifestyle that imply long-term benefits.
本综述旨在提供关于孕期运动的最新证据，包括对母亲和胎儿的影响以及运动的类型、频率、强度、持续时间和进展速度。
孕期运动与更高的心肺功能适应性、预防尿失禁和腰痛、减少抑郁症状、控制妊娠体重增加以及降低需要胰岛素治疗的妊娠期糖尿病妇女数量有关。它与降低出生体重或早产率无关。运动类型对结果没有影响，对于之前久坐不动的女性，其强度应是轻度或中度，对于活跃的女性则应是中度到高度。运动建议仍然基于目前关于适度强度、低冲击、有氧运动的指南，每周至少进行三次。然而，新的指南建议增加每周身体活动支出，同时将剧烈运动纳入健康孕妇的运动常规，并增加轻度力量训练。对于高血压等其他慢性疾病，数据仍然较少，因此应该进行更多的研究来评估干预的安全性。
身体运动对孕妇和产后妇女都有益；它不会对新生儿造成风险，并可以导致生活方式的改变，从而带来长期的益处。
