Li Shanshan, Williams Gail, Jalaludin Bin, Baker Peter
School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
J Asthma. 2012 Nov;49(9):895-910. doi: 10.3109/02770903.2012.724129. Epub 2012 Sep 28.
This article reviews panel studies of air pollution on children's respiratory health and proposes future research directions.
The PubMed electronic database was used to search published original epidemiological studies in peer-reviewed journals from 2000 to November 2011. Children's age was limited to ≤18 years old. A total of 33 relevant articles were obtained, with 20 articles relating to lung function, 21 articles relating to respiratory symptoms, and 8 articles examining both.
Most studies suggested the adverse effects of air pollution on children's lung function and respiratory symptoms. Particles and NO(2) showed more significant results, whereas effects of SO(2) were not consistent. A few studies indicated that O(3) interacted with temperature and sometimes seemed to be a protective factor for children's respiratory health. Negative associations between air pollutants and pulmonary health were more serious in asthmatic children than in healthy subjects. However, many outcomes depended on the number of lag days. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) was the most usual measurement for children's lung function, followed by forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)).
There are significant adverse effects of air pollution on children's pulmonary health, especially for asthmatics. Future studies need to examine the lag effects of air pollution on children's lung function and respiratory symptoms. Ambient temperature is predicted to change worldwide due to climate change, which will threaten population health. Further research is needed to examine the effects of ambient temperature and the interactive effects between air pollution and ambient temperature on children's lung function and respiratory symptoms.
本文综述了空气污染对儿童呼吸健康影响的队列研究，并提出未来的研究方向。
利用PubMed电子数据库检索2000年至2011年11月在同行评审期刊上发表的原创性流行病学研究。儿童年龄限制在≤18岁。共获得33篇相关文章，其中20篇涉及肺功能，21篇涉及呼吸道症状，8篇同时研究两者。
大多数研究表明空气污染对儿童肺功能和呼吸道症状有不良影响。颗粒物和二氧化氮显示出更显著的结果，而二氧化硫的影响则不一致。少数研究表明，臭氧与温度相互作用，有时似乎对儿童呼吸健康起保护作用。空气污染物与肺部健康之间的负相关在哮喘儿童中比在健康受试者中更严重。然而，许多结果取决于滞后天数。呼气峰值流速（PEF）是儿童肺功能最常用的测量指标，其次是一秒用力呼气量（FEV₁）。
空气污染对儿童肺部健康有显著不良影响，尤其是对哮喘患者。未来的研究需要考察空气污染对儿童肺功能和呼吸道症状的滞后效应。由于气候变化，预计全球环境温度将发生变化，这将威胁人群健康。需要进一步研究考察环境温度以及空气污染与环境温度之间的交互作用对儿童肺功能和呼吸道症状的影响。
