Nanyang Technological University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
Small. 2013 May 27;9(9-10):1504-20. doi: 10.1002/smll.201201452. Epub 2012 Sep 28.
The rising production of nanomaterial-based consumer products has raised safety concerns. Testing these with animal and other direct models is neither ethically nor economically viable, nor quick enough. This review aims to discuss the strength of in vitro testing, including the use of 2D and 3D cultures, stem cells, and tissue constructs, etc., which would give fast and repeatable answers of a highly specific nature, while remaining relevant to in vivo outcomes. These results can then be combined and the overall toxicity predicted with relative accuracy. Such in vitro models can screen potentially toxic nanomaterials which, if required, can undergo further stringent studies in animals. The cyto- and phototoxicity of some high-volume production nanomaterials, using in vitro models, is also reviewed.
基于纳米材料的消费产品产量不断增加，引发了人们对其安全性的担忧。用动物和其他直接模型来测试这些产品，既不道德，也不经济，而且速度也不够快。本综述旨在讨论体外测试的优势，包括使用 2D 和 3D 培养物、干细胞和组织构建体等，这些方法可以快速、重复地提供高度特异性的答案，同时与体内结果相关。然后可以结合这些结果，并相对准确地预测整体毒性。这种体外模型可以筛选出潜在有毒的纳米材料，如果需要，这些材料可以在动物身上进一步进行严格的研究。本文还回顾了一些高产量生产的纳米材料的细胞毒性和光毒性，这些都是使用体外模型进行的。
