Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0623, USA.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2012 Nov 15;303(10):L845-51. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00322.2012. Epub 2012 Sep 28.
Extraordinary advances in respiratory physiology occurred between 1941 and 1956 in the Department of Physiology, University of Rochester. These were principally the result of a collaboration between Wallace Fenn, Hermann Rahn, and Arthur Otis. Remarkably, all three scientists had worked in very dissimilar areas of physiology before and, by their own admission, were largely ignorant of respiratory physiology. However, because of the exigencies of war they were brought together to study the physiology of pressure breathing. The result was that they laid much of the foundations of pulmonary gas exchange and pulmonary mechanics and some of their work is still cited today. In pulmonary gas exchange they exploited the new oxygen-carbon dioxide diagram; clarified the effects of changes of altitude, hyperventilation, and pressure breathing; and pioneered the analysis of ventilation-perfusion relationships. In respiratory mechanics, they carried out groundbreaking work on the pressure-volume behavior of the lung and chest wall and went on to analyze aspects of gas flow and work of breathing. This explosion of ideas from what initially appeared to be a poorly prepared group has lessons for us today.
1941 年至 1956 年间，罗彻斯特大学生理学系在呼吸生理学领域取得了非凡的进展。这主要是华莱士·芬恩（Wallace Fenn）、赫尔曼·拉恩（Hermann Rahn）和阿瑟·奥蒂斯（Arthur Otis）三人合作的结果。值得注意的是，这三位科学家在这之前都曾在生理学的不同领域工作，而且他们自己也承认对呼吸生理学知之甚少。然而，由于战争的需要，他们被召集在一起研究压力呼吸的生理学。结果，他们为肺气体交换和肺力学奠定了许多基础，他们的一些工作至今仍被引用。在肺气体交换方面，他们利用新的氧-二氧化碳图进行了研究；阐明了海拔变化、过度通气和压力呼吸的影响；并开创了通气-灌注关系的分析。在呼吸力学方面，他们对肺和胸壁的压力-容积行为进行了开创性的研究，并进一步分析了气流和呼吸功的各个方面。最初看似准备不足的团队所产生的这些新颖想法，对我们今天仍有启示。
