Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
Toxicon. 2013 Feb;62:27-39. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.09.006. Epub 2012 Sep 28.
Phospholipases A(2) (PLA(2)s) are abundant components of snake venoms, where they play toxic and digestive roles. Despite having a similar three-dimensional structure, venom PLA(2)s exert an amazing variety of toxic and pharmacological effects, which include neurotoxic, myotoxic, hemolytic, edematogenic, hyperalgesic, pro-inflammatory, hypotensive, platelet-aggregation inhibitory, anticoagulant, cytotoxic, and bactericidal activities. Toxinologists have made significant contributions to deciphering the structure, molecular evolution, mechanisms of action, receptors, role of enzymatic activity for toxicity, structural determinants of toxicity and selectivity, and the impact of these enzymes in the overall pathophysiology of snakebite envenoming. The present work highlights some of the most relevant contributions in the study of venom PLA(2)s, including the personal accounts of the authors of these studies.
磷脂酶 A(2)（PLA(2)s）是蛇毒中的丰富成分，在蛇毒中发挥着毒性和消化作用。尽管具有相似的三维结构，但毒液 PLA(2)s 产生了惊人的多种毒性和药理学作用，包括神经毒性、肌毒性、溶血、水肿、痛觉过敏、促炎、降压、血小板聚集抑制、抗凝、细胞毒性和杀菌活性。毒素学家为破译结构、分子进化、作用机制、受体、毒性的酶活性作用、毒性和选择性的结构决定因素以及这些酶在蛇咬伤中毒的整体病理生理学中的作用做出了重大贡献。本工作重点介绍了在毒液 PLA(2)s 研究中最相关的一些贡献，包括这些研究的作者的个人陈述。
