Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2012 Aug;22(6):161-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2012.07.014. Epub 2012 Sep 29.
Women with cardiac chest pain indicated by signs and symptoms of myocardial ischemia in the absence of obstructive CAD are often labelled as cardiac syndrome X (CSX). A subset of patients with CSX may have symptoms of ischemia due to microvascular dysfunction. Angina due to microvascular coronary dysfunction (MCD) is an etiologic mechanism in women with vascular dysfunction. New data provide improve understanding of coronary vascular dysfunction and resultant myocardial ischemia that characterize MCD among patients with cardiac syndrome X. MCD has an adverse prognosis and health care cost expenditure comparable to obstructive CAD. The high prevalence of this condition, particularly in women, adverse prognosis and substantial health care costs, coupled with a lack of evidence regarding treatment strategies, places MCD as a research priority area.
女性患者若出现心肌缺血的体征和症状而无阻塞性 CAD，常被诊断为心脏综合征 X (CSX)。CSX 患者的亚组可能由于微血管功能障碍而出现缺血症状。微血管性冠状动脉功能障碍（MCD）引起的心绞痛是血管功能障碍女性的一种病因机制。新数据提供了对冠状动脉血管功能障碍和由此导致的心肌缺血的深入了解，这些特点在 CSX 患者的 MCD 中表现出来。MCD 预后不良，医疗保健费用支出可与阻塞性 CAD 相媲美。鉴于这种情况，特别是在女性中，其患病率高、预后不良、医疗保健费用高，且缺乏关于治疗策略的证据，MCD 成为了一个研究重点领域。
