School of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Mannheim, Germany.
J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2012 Oct;34(5):580-99. doi: 10.1123/jsep.34.5.580.
In the present article, we analyzed the role of self-control strength and state anxiety in sports performance. We tested the hypothesis that self-control strength and state anxiety interact in predicting sports performance on the basis of two studies, each using a different sports task (Study 1: performance in a basketball free throw task, N = 64; Study 2: performance in a dart task, N = 79). The patterns of results were as expected in both studies: Participants with depleted self-control strength performed worse in the specific tasks as their anxiety increased, whereas there was no significant relation for participants with fully available self-control strength. Furthermore, different degrees of available self-control strength did not predict performance in participants who were low in state anxiety, but did in participants who were high in state anxiety. Thus increasing self-control strength could reduce the negative anxiety effects in sports and improve athletes' performance under pressure.
在本文中，我们分析了自我控制强度和状态焦虑在运动表现中的作用。我们基于两项研究检验了自我控制强度和状态焦虑相互作用预测运动表现的假设，这两项研究都使用了不同的运动任务（研究 1：篮球罚球任务中的表现，N=64；研究 2：飞镖任务中的表现，N=79）。在这两项研究中，结果模式都如预期的那样：自我控制强度耗竭的参与者随着焦虑的增加，在特定任务中的表现会变差，而自我控制强度完全可用的参与者则没有显著关系。此外，不同程度的可用自我控制强度不能预测状态焦虑较低的参与者的表现，但可以预测状态焦虑较高的参与者的表现。因此，增强自我控制强度可以减轻运动中焦虑的负面影响，提高运动员在压力下的表现。
