Tamijevendane S, Saravanane R, Rajesh R, Sivacoumar R
Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College, Puducherry--605 014, India.
J Environ Sci Eng. 2011 Jul;53(3):231-6.
The formulation and implementation of regulatory standards for the ultimate disposal and reuse of transformed products of antibiotic drugs and solvents have been a pending issue in the waste management of pharmaceutical industries especially in the developing countries like India. A case study has been identified and the current issues in one of the major pharmaceutical industry (manufacturing cephalosporin drugs) located in Chennai, India, has been discussed for the possible implementation of anaerobically transformed intermediates of antibiotic pharmaceutical waste sludge. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of bioaugmentation on the convertibility of anaerobically transformed intermediates of antibiotic pharmaceutical waste sludge into residuals and biocompost. Cephalosporin is a common name refers to cephradine (C16H19N3O4S) and cephalexin (C16H17N3O4S.H2O). Based on the critical examination of results, the industry is looking for the alternatives of either direct disposal of 7-amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid (7-ADCA) and phenyl acetic acid or for further degradation and disposal, which will essentially require additional cost and maintenance. The present regulatory standard implemented in India does not envisage such disposal alternatives and hence this would invite suggestions and recommendations of the expertise for the possible implementation on the pending issue in the antibiotic based pharmaceutical industries. The presence of cephalosporin increases total strength (Chemical Oxygen Demand) of the effluent and indirectly increases the cost of the treatment. Hence the biotransformation of cephalosporin either alone or in combination with other energetic compounds, offers the potential for an economical and environment friendly disposal alternative for the anaerobically transformed intermediates of antibiotic pharmaceutical waste sludge.
抗生素药物和溶剂转化产物的最终处置和再利用监管标准的制定与实施，一直是制药行业废物管理中的一个悬而未决的问题，尤其是在印度等发展中国家。已确定一个案例研究，并讨论了位于印度金奈的一家主要制药行业（生产头孢菌素药物）当前存在的问题，以探讨抗生素制药废污泥厌氧转化中间体的可能实施方案。该研究的目的是确定生物强化对抗生素制药废污泥厌氧转化中间体转化为残渣和生物堆肥的转化率的影响。头孢菌素是头孢拉定（C16H19N3O4S）和头孢氨苄（C16H17N3O4S.H2O）的通用名称。基于对结果的批判性审查，该行业正在寻找直接处置7-氨基-3-去乙酰氧基头孢烷酸（7-ADCA）和苯乙酸的替代方案，或者进行进一步降解和处置，而这基本上需要额外的成本和维护。印度目前实施的监管标准并未设想此类处置替代方案，因此这将引发专家对基于抗生素的制药行业悬而未决问题的可能实施方案的建议和推荐。头孢菌素的存在会增加废水的总强度（化学需氧量），并间接增加处理成本。因此，头孢菌素单独或与其他含能化合物联合进行生物转化，为抗生素制药废污泥厌氧转化中间体提供了一种经济且环保的处置替代方案。
