Metzger R L, Miller M L, Cohen M, Sofka M, Borkovec T D
Department of Psychology, Mercer University, Macon, GA 31207.
J Clin Psychol. 1990 Jan;46(1):78-88. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(199001)46:1<78::aid-jclp2270460113>3.0.co;2-r.
The present studies demonstrate that daily worry level is predictive of cognitive processing differences and that these differences are an effect of negative thoughts. In Study 1, worriers (those who reported 50% or greater daily worry) and non-worriers performed a categorization task. The groups did not differ when the stimulus was a clear member or non-member of the category. Worriers showed a significant disruption in processing as the ambiguity of the category membership increased. Study 2 demonstrated that the disruption arose as a result of increased levels of negative thoughts. Worriers and non-worriers were assigned to two conditions, either O-worry ("Relax and let your mind wander for 15 minutes") or 15-worry ("Worry as you typically would for 15 minutes"). Non-worriers evidenced the same disruptive effects in the 15-worry condition as worriers in that condition and worriers in Study 1. Similarly, worriers in the O-worry condition showed a reduction in disruptive effects. The findings are taken as indicating that worry is accompanied by changes in cognitive processing and that these changes are similar for worriers and non-worriers.
目前的研究表明，每日担忧水平可预测认知加工差异，且这些差异是消极思维的结果。在研究1中，担忧者（那些报告每日担忧程度达到或超过50%的人）和非担忧者完成了一项分类任务。当刺激物是该类别的明确成员或非成员时，两组没有差异。随着类别成员的模糊性增加，担忧者在加工过程中表现出显著的干扰。研究2表明，这种干扰是消极思维水平增加的结果。担忧者和非担忧者被分配到两种条件下，要么是零担忧（“放松，让你的思绪漫游15分钟”），要么是15分钟担忧（“像你通常那样担忧15分钟”）。非担忧者在15分钟担忧条件下表现出与该条件下的担忧者以及研究1中的担忧者相同的干扰效应。同样，零担忧条件下的担忧者表现出干扰效应的降低。这些发现被认为表明担忧伴随着认知加工的变化，并且这些变化对于担忧者和非担忧者是相似的。
