UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2215 Kerr Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7573, USA.
Med Care. 2012 Nov;50(11):920-7. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0b013e31826c85d1.
The purpose of this review is to identify and analyze published studies that have evaluated disparities for opportunistic infection (OI) prophylaxis between blacks and whites with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States.
The authors conducted a web-based search of MEDLINE (1950-2009) to identify original research articles evaluating the use of OI prophylaxis between blacks and whites with HIV/AIDS. The search was conducted utilizing the following MeSH headings and search terms alone and in combination: HIV, AIDS, Black, race, ethnicity, disparities, differences, access, opportunistic infection, and prophylaxis. The search was then expanded to include any relevant articles from the referenced citations of the articles that were retrieved from the initial search strategy. Of the 29 articles retrieved from the literature search, 19 articles were excluded.
Ten publications met inclusion criteria, collectively published between 1991 and 2005. The collective time periods of these studies spanned from 1987 to 2001. Four studies identified a race-based disparity in that blacks were less likely than whites to use OI prophylaxis, whereas 5 studies failed to identify such a relationship between race and OI prophylaxis. One study identified disparities for Mycobacterium avium complex prophylaxis, but not for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis.
The evidence regarding race-based disparities in OI prophylaxis is inconclusive. Additional research is warranted to explore potential race-based disparities in OI prophylaxis.
本综述的目的是识别和分析已发表的研究，这些研究评估了美国黑人和白人艾滋病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）患者机会性感染（OI）预防的差异。
作者通过网络搜索 MEDLINE（1950-2009），以确定评估黑人与白人艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者使用 OI 预防的原始研究文章。使用以下 MeSH 标题和搜索词进行搜索，单独和组合使用：HIV、AIDS、Black、race、ethnicity、disparities、differences、access、opportunistic infection 和 prophylaxis。然后，将搜索范围扩大到从最初搜索策略中检索到的文章的参考文献中包含的任何相关文章。从文献检索中检索到的 29 篇文章中，有 19 篇被排除在外。
符合纳入标准的有 10 篇出版物，这些出版物的发表时间分别在 1991 年至 2005 年之间。这些研究的集体时间跨度从 1987 年到 2001 年。四项研究发现了基于种族的差异，即黑人使用 OI 预防的可能性低于白人，而五项研究未能确定种族与 OI 预防之间存在这种关系。一项研究确定了对鸟分枝杆菌复合体预防的差异，但对卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎预防没有差异。
关于 OI 预防基于种族的差异的证据尚无定论。需要进一步研究，以探讨 OI 预防方面潜在的基于种族的差异。
