Sánchez García E, Montero Errasquín B, Sánchez Castellano C, Cruz-Jentoft A J
Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2012;72:101-8. doi: 10.1159/000339998. Epub 2012 Sep 24.
Proper nutrition is an essential part of successful aging and may delay the onset of diseases. Nutrition-related problems in older subjects have been long-time ignored; good nutritional status is an essential component of health and a relevant part of therapeutic plans of most chronic diseases. Moreover, food and nutrition are a relevant aspect of most cultures and are strongly linked with individual lifestyles. Research has proved that nutritional intervention can improve outcomes in many clinical scenarios. This is especially true for older individuals with different acute and chronic conditions and diseases, or with malnutrition. Nutritional intervention can provide sufficient energy, protein and micronutrients, maintain or improve nutritional status, reduce morbidity and increase survival. Evidence is still lacking on the impact of nutritional intervention on physical and mental function, and on quality of life, very relevant outcomes for older individuals. Nutritional screening and assessment should become part of health care of both healthy and sick older people. Nutritional counseling and intervention should be embedded in a general care plan that takes into account all aspects of an aging person. Nutritional programs that aim for high compliance should be individualized, and would have to consider every aspect of old age: beliefs, attitudes, preferences, expectations, and aspirations.
合理营养是成功老龄化的重要组成部分，可能会延缓疾病的发生。老年人群中与营养相关的问题长期以来一直被忽视；良好的营养状况是健康的重要组成部分，也是大多数慢性病治疗计划的相关部分。此外，食物和营养是大多数文化的一个相关方面，与个人生活方式密切相关。研究证明，营养干预可以在许多临床情况下改善结果。对于患有不同急慢性疾病或营养不良的老年人尤其如此。营养干预可以提供足够的能量、蛋白质和微量营养素，维持或改善营养状况，降低发病率并提高生存率。关于营养干预对身体和心理功能以及生活质量（这对老年人非常重要的结果）的影响，仍然缺乏证据。营养筛查和评估应成为健康和患病老年人医疗保健的一部分。营养咨询和干预应纳入考虑老年人各个方面的综合护理计划。旨在实现高依从性的营养计划应该个性化，并且必须考虑老年的各个方面：信仰、态度、偏好、期望和抱负。
