Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
J Youth Adolesc. 2013 Jun;42(6):861-77. doi: 10.1007/s10964-012-9832-1. Epub 2012 Oct 10.
Adolescents develop within multiple contexts that synergistically influence their behavior and health. To understand the simultaneous influence of neighborhood and family contexts on adolescents, this study examined relationships of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage, neighborhood social disorganization, family conflict, parent-child bonding and parental control with trajectories of physical and social aggression. The sample included 5,118 adolescents between ages 11 and 18 (50% female, 52% Caucasian) living in predominantly rural areas. Multilevel growth curve models showed an interaction between neighborhood disadvantage, family conflict and gender on the physical aggression trajectories. The interaction suggested more rapid processes of both increase in and desistance from physical aggression over time for boys with high neighborhood disadvantage and high family conflict, as well as a higher starting point, more gradual increase and slower process of desistance over time for girls in similar neighborhood and family contexts. Less parent-child bonding and less parental control also were associated with higher initial levels of physical aggression. For social aggression, an interaction between family conflict and gender showed girls with high family conflict had the highest initial levels of social aggression, with a more gradual increase over time for these girls compared to their male counterparts in high-conflict families or their female counterparts in low-conflict families. Less parent-child bonding was associated with higher initial levels and a faster increase over time of social aggression, and less parental control was associated with higher initial levels of social aggression. The findings suggest early family-based interventions may help prevent perpetration of both physical and social aggression during adolescence.
青少年在多种相互作用的环境中发展，这些环境会协同影响他们的行为和健康。为了理解邻里和家庭环境对青少年的综合影响，本研究考察了邻里社会经济劣势、邻里社会无序、家庭冲突、亲子关系和父母控制与身体和社交攻击轨迹之间的关系。该样本包括 5118 名年龄在 11 至 18 岁之间的青少年（女性占 50%，白种人占 52%），他们居住在以农村为主的地区。多层次增长曲线模型显示，邻里劣势、家庭冲突和性别之间存在相互作用，对身体攻击轨迹有影响。这种相互作用表明，对于邻里劣势和家庭冲突高的男孩，身体攻击的增加和停止的过程更快；对于处于类似邻里和家庭环境的女孩，身体攻击的起点更高，增加更渐进，停止更缓慢。亲子关系较弱和父母控制较少也与身体攻击的初始水平较高有关。对于社交攻击，家庭冲突和性别之间的相互作用表明，家庭冲突高的女孩初始的社交攻击水平最高，与高冲突家庭中的男孩或低冲突家庭中的女孩相比，她们的攻击水平随着时间的推移呈渐进式增加。亲子关系较弱与社交攻击的初始水平较高和随时间的快速增加有关，父母控制较少与社交攻击的初始水平较高有关。这些发现表明，早期的家庭为基础的干预措施可能有助于预防青少年时期身体和社交攻击的持续发生。
