一项旨在理解低收入非裔美国青少年中与肥胖相关的健康行为的家庭和同伴影响的定性研究。
A qualitative study for understanding family and peer influences on obesity-related health behaviors in low-income African-American adolescents.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 29208,
出版信息
Child Obes. 2012 Oct;8(5):466-76. doi: 10.1089/chi.2012.0067.
BACKGROUND
Given the cultural and developmental relevance of family members and peers in the lives of African-American adolescents, the present study used a bioecological framework to qualitatively explore the parenting context as well as specific family factors (support, rules, monitoring) and peer factors (support) related to weight status, physical activity (PA), and healthy eating in low-income African-American boys versus girls.
METHODS
Qualitative data were obtained from African-American adolescents through focus groups. Adolescents (n = 45, 100% African American, 51% girls, 12.6 ± 1.2 years, 51% overweight/obese) were from two underserved communities in South Carolina (median income ≈$17,000-$22,000, high crime levels). Sessions were audiotaped, transcribed, and coded by independent pairs of raters (r = 0.75). QSR NVivo 8 was used to analyze data, and themes were categorized separately for boys and girls.
RESULTS
Adolescents reported themes of family warmth and control practices consistent with an authoritative style of parenting. Although adolescents wanted increased autonomy, they viewed parental monitoring as a favorable part of their relationship. Boys reported receiving more constructive feedback from parents about weight status and greater overall support for PA and diet than did girls. Girls reported more honest feedback from peers about weight status than did boys. Overall, adolescents acknowledged the unique opportunities of parents and peers in improving their health behaviors.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings suggest parents and peers interact in different ways with African-American boys and girls regarding their weight status and health behaviors. Future obesity prevention efforts in minority youth may need to target parenting skills that provide greater support to African-American girls. In addition, given peers influence PA and diet differently in boys and girls, interventions should strategically include parenting strategies that involve monitoring peer-adolescent interactions.
背景
鉴于家庭成员和同伴在非裔美国青少年生活中的文化和发展相关性，本研究使用生物生态学框架，从定性角度探讨了与低收入非裔美国男孩和女孩的体重状况、身体活动（PA）和健康饮食相关的养育背景以及特定的家庭因素（支持、规则、监督）和同伴因素（支持）。
方法
通过焦点小组从非裔美国青少年那里获取定性数据。参与者（n = 45，100%为非裔美国人，51%为女孩，年龄为 12.6 ± 1.2 岁，51%超重/肥胖）来自南卡罗来纳州的两个服务不足的社区（中位数收入约为 17,000-22,000 美元，犯罪率高）。会议进行了录音、转录和由独立的配对评分者进行编码（r = 0.75）。使用 QSR NVivo 8 分析数据，并且分别为男孩和女孩对主题进行了分类。
结果
青少年报告了家庭温暖和控制实践的主题，这些主题与权威型养育方式一致。尽管青少年渴望获得更大的自主权，但他们认为父母的监督是他们关系的有利部分。与女孩相比，男孩报告从父母那里获得更多关于体重状况的建设性反馈，并且对 PA 和饮食的总体支持更多。女孩报告从同龄人那里获得更多关于体重状况的诚实反馈。总的来说，青少年承认父母和同伴在改善他们的健康行为方面具有独特的机会。
结论
研究结果表明，父母和同伴在非裔美国男孩和女孩的体重状况和健康行为方面以不同的方式相互作用。未来针对少数族裔青少年的肥胖预防工作可能需要针对提供更多支持给非裔美国女孩的养育技能。此外，鉴于同伴对 PA 和饮食的影响在男孩和女孩中不同，干预措施应战略性地包括涉及监督同伴与青少年互动的养育策略。
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