Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, PR China.
Environ Int. 2012 Dec 1;50:31-7. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.09.007. Epub 2012 Oct 10.
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) are widely detected in the environment, although they have been banned in China since 1980s. To better understand the route-specific daily uptake of the pesticides by humans, a total of 322 food, dust, and air samples were collected in Shanghai, China, during 2008-2011. The median concentrations were 0.2-126.6 and 0.03-1.6 ng/g wet weight for DDTs (DDT and its metabolites) and HCHs, respectively, in different types of foods. The values in dust (indoors and outdoors) were 5.7-29.8 and 1.3-5.4 ng/g, and 13.9×10(-3) and 2.6×10(-3)ng/m(3) in air (gas+particle) for DDTs and HCHs, respectively. The daily uptake of a pesticide by humans was calculated via the pesticide intake multiplied by its uptake efficiency. The uptake efficiencies of DDTs and HCHs in food through human intestines were estimated using bioaccessibility measured via an in vitro method simulating the human gastrointestinal digestion process. The total daily uptakes of DDTs and HCHs through three routes (i.e., ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact) were 79.4 and 4.9 ng/day, respectively, for children, and 131.1 and 8.0 ng/day, respectively, for adults. Ingestion via food and dust was the main route of human exposure to the pesticides, and the daily uptake of the pesticides via food consumption accounted for 95.0-99.2% of the total.
滴滴涕（DDT）和六氯环己烷（HCHs）广泛存在于环境中，尽管自 20 世纪 80 年代以来已在中国被禁用。为了更好地了解人类通过特定途径摄入这些农药的情况，本研究于 2008-2011 年在中国上海采集了共计 322 份食品、灰尘和空气样本。结果显示，不同类型食品中 DDTs（DDT 及其代谢物）和 HCHs 的浓度中位数分别为 0.2-126.6 和 0.03-1.6ng/g 湿重；灰尘（室内和室外）中的浓度分别为 5.7-29.8 和 1.3-5.4ng/g；空气中（气体+颗粒）的浓度分别为 13.9×10(-3)和 2.6×10(-3)ng/m(3)。人类通过不同途径摄入农药的量通过农药摄入量乘以摄入效率来计算。通过体外方法模拟人类胃肠道消化过程来测量生物可及性，从而估计人类通过肠道摄入 DDTs 和 HCHs 的摄入效率。通过三种途径（即摄入、吸入和皮肤接触）摄入 DDTs 和 HCHs 的总量分别为儿童 79.4 和 4.9ng/天，成人 131.1 和 8.0ng/天。通过食物和灰尘摄入是人类接触农药的主要途径，通过食物摄入的农药日摄入量占总摄入量的 95.0-99.2%。
