Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
Aging Male. 2012 Dec;15(4):187-97. doi: 10.3109/13685538.2012.729110. Epub 2012 Oct 15.
Hypogonadism is a common condition which occurs more frequently in older men. It is characterized by low testosterone (T) and is associated with symptoms which are often nonspecific. A key symptom is low libido, but it can also be associated with erectile dysfunction, reduced muscle mass and strength, increased body fat, reduced bone mineral density and osteoporosis, reduced vitality, and depressed mood. Hypogonadism is linked with a variety of comorbid conditions including erectile dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity, and osteoporosis. However, the condition is often underdiagnosed. T supplementation in hypogonadism is associated with a range of benefits including improved sexual function, increased lean body mass and/or reduced fat mass, and improved bone mineral density. A variety of T supplementation formulations are available. Although there is no evidence of increased risk of initiating prostate cancer with T supplementation, it is contraindicated in men with prostate cancer. It is important that primary care physicians are aware of both the signs and symptoms of hypogonadism, the monitoring and testing that is required and the merits and advantages of the various T preparations to ensure optimal management of the condition with a treatment approach that best suits patients' needs.
性腺功能减退症是一种常见的病症，在老年男性中更为常见。其特征是睾丸激素（T）水平降低，并伴有常无特异性的症状。一个主要症状是性欲降低，但它也可能与勃起功能障碍、肌肉量和力量减少、体脂增加、骨密度和骨质疏松降低、活力降低以及情绪低落有关。性腺功能减退症与多种合并症有关，包括勃起功能障碍、代谢综合征、糖尿病、肥胖症和骨质疏松症。然而，这种病症常常被漏诊。T 补充治疗与一系列益处相关，包括改善性功能、增加瘦体重和/或减少脂肪量以及改善骨密度。有多种 T 补充制剂可供选择。尽管没有证据表明 T 补充治疗会增加前列腺癌的发病风险，但它在患有前列腺癌的男性中是禁忌的。重要的是，初级保健医生既要了解性腺功能减退症的体征和症状，也要了解所需的监测和检查，以及各种 T 制剂的优缺点，以确保根据患者的需求，采用最佳的管理方法来治疗该病症。
